Cell Structure and Function Part 1

Question 1

Most common stain is

Answer 1

Hemotoxylin-eosin

Question 2

Hemotoxylin is a __ stain that stains ___ (color)

Answer 2

Basic stain that stains purple

Question 3

Hemotoxylin stains ___ structures (1 + 3)

Answer 3

Stains basophilic structures:

Heterochromatin

Nucleoli

rRNA

Question 4

Eosin is a __ stain that stains ___ (color)

Answer 4

Acidic stain

Stains pink in color

Question 5

Eosin stains __ structures (1 + 3)

Answer 5

Stains eosinophilic/acidophilic structures

Cytoplasm

Question 6

Types of electron microscopy

Answer 6

Transmitting electron microscopy

Scanning electron microscopy

Freeze-fracturing

Question 7

How does periodic acid-Shiff (PAS) staining work

Answer 7

It detects carbohydrates by replacing the -OH groups on adjacent carbons on the hexose ring with aldehydes

Question 8

What group reacts with Schiff’s reagent and what color does it turn

Answer 8

Reacts with aldehyde groups turning it to a deep magenta color

Question 9

How does enzyme histochemistry work?

Answer 9

Uses stains that are activated or change color when cleaved by a particular enzyme to detect the presence of htat enzyme

Question 10

Acid phosphatase reaction dectects

Answer 10

the presence and activity of phosphate enzymes within vesicles

Question 11

Immunohistochemical staining uses __ to detect

Answer 11

Dyes bound to antibodies to detect the presence of specific antigens on and within cells

Question 12

4 types of connective tissue

Answer 12

Connective tissue proper

Bone

Cartilage

Blood

Question 13

Cells that secrete connective tissue matrix

Answer 13

Fibroblasts

Question 14

Bone matrix is secreted by

Answer 14

Osteoblasts

Question 15

Cartilage matrix is secreted by

Answer 15

Chondrocytes

Question 16

What is the matrix of blood?

Answer 16

Plasma

Question 17

What forms te glycocalyx of the cell?

Answer 17

Carbohydrates that extend from the extracellular surface of the membrane

Question 18

What is the nuclear envelope composed of?

Answer 18

Double lipid bilayer membrane

Question 19

What determines the fluidity of the membrane

Answer 19

Cholesterol

Question 20

Heterochromatin vs. Euchromatin

Answer 20

Heterochromatin is not being transcribed

Euchromatin is being actively transcribed

Question 21

Connective tissue proper includes

Answer 21

Adipose

Loose CT

Dense CT

Question 22

Relationship between cholesterol and fluidity of membrane

Answer 22

More cholesterol = less fluidity

Less cholesterol = more fluidity

Question 23

Which organelles in the cell are partitioned by membranes

Answer 23

Nucleus

ER

Golgi

Vesicles

Mitochondria

Question 24

Integral membrane proteins vs peripheral proteins

Answer 24

Peripheral proteins can be stripped from the membrnae by salts or chelating agens

Integral membrane proteins cannot

Question 25

Inner membrane space of mitochondria is similar to ___ except ___

Answer 25

Similar to cytopalsm in pH and ionic composition Protein composition is unique

Question 26

How does mitochondria replicate?

Answer 26

Bi binary fission

Question 27

Mitochondria synthesizes

Answer 27

8 of its own proteins

Question 28

The majority of mitochondrial proteins are synthesized by

Answer 28

Free ribosomes

Question 29

Where is ATP produced in mitochondria

Answer 29

In the cristae

Question 30

Where is the cristae located in mitochondria

Answer 30

In the inner membrane

Question 31

What is the function of the mitochondria

Answer 31

Carries out TCA cycle and beta-oxidation of fatty acids