Cell Structure And Organisation Flashcards
(17 cards)
What are eukaryotic cells?
Cells that have membrane-bound organelles such as a nucleus and mitochondria
Eukaryotic cells are typically larger and more complex than prokaryotic cells.
What are prokaryotic cells?
Cells that lack membrane-bound organelles and are smaller and less complex
Prokaryotic cells include bacteria and archaea.
Where is chromosomal DNA found in prokaryotic cells?
In a region called the nucleoid
The nucleoid is not surrounded by a membrane, unlike the nucleus in eukaryotic cells.
Fill in the blank: Eukaryotic cells have _______ organelles.
membrane-bound
True or False: Prokaryotic cells are more complex than eukaryotic cells.
False
What are organelles?
Components of the cell that enable it to carry out its functions
Examples include mitochondria, chloroplasts, and nucleus
How are organelles and cell components measured?
In micrometres or nanometres
1cm = 10 micrometres; 1mm = 1000 micrometres; 1 micrometre = 1000 nanometres
What is the advantage of having membrane-bound organelles?
Allows cellular processes to be carried out
This compartmentalization enhances efficiency and specialization within the cell
What is the function of the nucleus?
Contains genetic material and controls cell activities through protein production
The DNA in the nucleus acts as a template for DNA replication
What are nuclear pores?
Allows large molecules like mRNA and ribosomes to enter and exit the nucleus
They facilitate the transport of essential molecules in and out of the nucleus
What is the nuclear envelope?
Two membranes surrounding the nucleus, enclosing the nucleoplasm
It controls the entry and exit of materials and is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum
What is nucleoplasm?
The jelly-like material making up the bulk of the nucleus
It provides a medium for the suspension of nuclear components
What is the nucleolus?
Where rRNA is manufactured and ribosomes are assembled
It is usually spherical in shape and may be more than one in a nucleus
What is chromatin?
Carries the genetic material of the cell, consisting of protein with linear DNA coiled around it
Chromatin condenses into chromosomes during cell division
What are the two types of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?
Rough and Smooth
Each type has distinct functions related to protein and lipid synthesis
What is the function of rough endoplasmic reticulum?
Provides a large surface area for ribosome attachment and a transport pathway for materials
Ribosomes on its surface synthesize proteins
What is the function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
Stores, transports, and synthesizes lipids and carbohydrates
It plays a crucial role in lipid metabolism and detoxification
