Cell Structure And Organisation

Question 1

Carries DNA code for amino acids

Answer 1

Nucleus

Question 2

Synthesis of ribosomes

Answer 2

Nucleolus

Question 3

Allows transport of mRNA

Answer 3

Nuclear pore

Question 4

Separates cytoplasm from genetic material

Answer 4

Nuclear envelope

Question 5

Controls what enters and exits the cell

Answer 5

Cell membrane

Question 6

Site of cellular reactions

Answer 6

Cytoplasm

Question 7

Site of aerobic respiration and formation of ATP

Answer 7

Mitochondria

Question 8

Transport and synthesis of ribosomes

Answer 8

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 9

Transport and synthesis of lipids

Answer 9

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 10

Modification of proteins, forms lysosomes

Answer 10

Golgi body

Question 11

Used in spindle formation in animal cells

Answer 11

Centrioles

Question 12

Protein synthesis

Answer 12

Ribosomes

Question 13

Contains digestive enzymes to destroy organelles only in animal cells only

Answer 13

Lysosome

Question 14

Maintain osmotic pressure in animal cells only

Answer 14

Vesicles

Question 15

Storage of ions and organic molecules in plants only

Answer 15

Vacuole

Question 16

Site of photosynthesis in plants only

Answer 16

Chloroplasts

Question 17

For strength and support in plant cells only

Answer 17

Cell wall

Question 18

Exchange of large molecules and communication between plant cells only

Answer 18

Plasmodesmata

Question 19

5 similarities between mitochondria and chloroplasts

Answer 19

1) double membrane. 2) both contain DNA. 3) large surface area of membranes inside. 4) Ribosomes. 5) make ATP

Question 20

4 differences between mitochondria and chloroplasts

Answer 20

1) matrix vs stroma. 2) cristae vs thylakoids. 3) no grana vs grana. 4) inner membrane folded vs not folded

Question 21

Equation for cell magnification

Answer 21

Magnification= Image size/ Actual size

Question 22

5 features of a virus

Answer 22

1) lipid bilayer. 2) protein in outer membrane. 3) reverse transcription enzyme. 4) protein coat. 5) DNA or RNA

Question 23

Used for movement in a prokaryote cell

Answer 23

Flagellum

Question 24

How is the DNA in a prokaryote cell?

Answer 24

Circular and free in cytoplasm

Question 25

Photosynthetic pigments in a prokaryote cell

Answer 25

Chromataphore

Question 26

Sticky coat to prevent white blood cell attacks on a prokaryote cell. Made of mucopolysaccharide

Answer 26

Capsule

Question 27

Site of cell respiration in a prokaryote cell

Answer 27

Mesosome

Question 28

Extra loop of DNA in a prokaryote cell

Answer 28

Plasmid

Question 29

Used to attach and exchange genetic material between cells in a prokaryote cell

Answer 29

Pilus

Question 30

Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes ( nucleus, DNA shape, organelle form, DNA form, ribosomes size, cell wall formation, size, extra)

Answer 30

no nucleus vs nucleus with DNA. Circular DNA vs linear DNA. no membrane bound organelles vs membrane bound organelles. naked DNA vs DNA coiled around proteins. 70S vs 80S. murein wall vs cellulose/chitin wall. 0.1-10mm vs 10-100mm. flagella vs cilia

Question 31

Define tissue

Answer 31

group of similar cells working together to carry out a particular function

Question 32

Three types of tissue

Answer 32

1) Epithelial. 2) Connective. 3) Muscle

Question 33

Epithelial tissue function

Answer 33

protects cells underneath

Question 34

3 types of epithelial tissue and shapes

Answer 34

1) Squamous- thin, short diffusion pathway, alveoli. 2) Cuboidal- box shaped, secretion and reabsorption, line tubules (kidneys). 3) Columnar- cilia/ microvilli, want dust from air passages, trachea

Question 35

Connective tissue function

Answer 35

Contains collegen and connects tissues. Tendons= bone-muscle. Ligaments=bone-bone.

Question 36

Muscle tissue function

Answer 36

Contraction- protein fibres slide past each other to shorten cell

Question 37

3 types of muscle cell and functions

Answer 37

1) skeletal muscle- move limbs, forms fibres called striations. 2) Smooth muscle- move food along gut, automatic, unstriated. 3) cadiac muscle- striated, pump blood, attached to fibres by plasma membranes