Cell Structure: Cell Type And Microsocpes, Cellular Organisation

Question 0

Eukaryotic Cells (Plants and Animals)

Answer 0

Have membrane bound organelles, nucleus containing DNA, can be multicellular and unicellular

Question 1

Prokaryotic Cells

Answer 1

First cells, very simple, no membrane bound organelles, no nucleus (DNA is 1 chromosome) and usually unicellular.

Question 2

Cellular Organisation

Answer 2

Make up of cells: prokaryotes have no membrane bound organelles, are less complex and their DNA is floating in the cytoplasm of the cell.
Eukaryotes have membrane bound organelles, are very complex and their DNA is stored in the nucleus.

Question 3

Light Microscopes

Answer 3

Are used to observe cells. Images can be distorted. Able to see all structures inside cell with the aid of a dye.

Question 4

Electron Microscopes

Answer 4

Able to view all the details of all parts that make up a cell specifically. I.e mitochondria, nucleus etc.

Question 5

Mitochondria

Answer 5

Produces energy through cellular respiration.

Question 6

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 6

Used for transport and storage.

Question 7

Ribosomes

Answer 7

Create proteins. Where protein synthesis occurs.

Question 8

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 8

Creates lipids or fats.

Question 9

Chloroplast (plants)

Answer 9

Creates organic compounds (glucose) from carbon dioxide and water, using light as a course of energy. Food producers of the cell.

Question 10

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 10

Synthesises, packages and releases concentrated proteins and lipids.

Question 11

Cytoplasm

Answer 11

Holds organelles in place and holds all chemicals.

Question 12

Cytoskeleton

Answer 12

Supports structure and helps move synthesised proteins

Question 13

Lysosomes (animal)

Answer 13

Contain hydrolytic enzymes for digestion.

Question 14

Vacuole

Answer 14

Contains food or water.

Question 15

Cell Membrane

Answer 15

Separates cell contents from external environment. Is responsible for moving of molecules.

Question 16

Microtubles

Answer 16

Provide internal support which help cytokinesis.

Question 17

Cell Wall (plant)

Answer 17

Acts as a pressure vessel and provides structure.

Question 18

Nuclear Membrane

Answer 18

Regulate in and out movement of DNA.

Question 19

Centrosome

Answer 19

Produces microtubles; aid in cell division.

Question 20

Amyloplast (plant)

Answer 20

Function in a plant cell that stores starch.

Question 21

Photosynthesis

Answer 21

Making organic compounds (glucose) from carbon dioxide and water, using light as a source of energy. Occurs in chloroplast which contain chlorophyll (traps light energy).

Question 22

Cellular Respiration

Answer 22

A metabolic process that breaks down organic molecules into energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate). Energy is typically stored in the chemical bonds of food, however cells are not always able to use this energy directly. Glucose is broken down and converts ADP (adenosine diphosphate) into ATP: usable energy. Two forms..

Question 23

Aerobic Respiration

Answer 23

Oxygen is present, occurs in mitochondria and involves water and carbon dioxide: C6H12O6 + 6O2 — 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36-38 ATP produced.

Question 24

Anaerobic Respiration

Answer 24

Oxygen is absent, occurs in cytoplasm. Alcohol produced in plants and bacteria. Pyruvic acids produced in animals (lactic acid): C6H12O6 — alcohol* + 2CO2 + 2ATP.

Question 25

Enzymes

Answer 25

Made of proteins, increase the rate of reactions by reducing activation energy (energy required to perform reaction). Can be recycled.

Question 26

Anabolic Reactions

Answer 26

Makes new compounds and requires energy.

Question 27

Factors Affecting Reaction Rate

Answer 27

Temperature, pH levels, inhibitor molecules, enzyme concentration and substrate concentration.

Question 29

Info and Models

Answer 29

Active site: where reaction takes place. Substrate: substance that enzyme is acting on. Product: what is produced from reaction. Models — lock and key (jigsaw) induced fit (active site changes shape).

Question 30

Nucleolus

Answer 30

structure present in the nucleus and which is a store of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) containing all DNA.

Question 31

Nucleus

Answer 31

In eukaryotic cells, membrane-bound organelle containing the genetic material DNA.

Question 33

Catabolic Reactions

Answer 33

Breaks down compounds and releases energy.