Cell structure - eukaryotes

Question 1

what is the cell-surface membrane made of?

Answer 1

proteins and lipids

Question 2

what is the role of the cell-surface membrane

Answer 2

controls movement in and out of cell

has receptor molecules to respond to chemicals

Question 3

structure of the nucleus

Answer 3

surrounded by nuclear envelope (double membrane)
nuclear pores 
contains : chromosomes
               protein-bound linear DNA
              one or more nuclei

Question 4

what is the function of the nucleus

Answer 4

controls cell’s activities
nuclear pores allows mRNA + ribosomes to pass
nucleolus makes ribosomes

Question 5

structure of mitochondria

Answer 5

double membrane
inner membrane - cristae 
matrix inside( contains enzymes)

Question 6

function of mitochondria

Answer 6

site of aerobic respiration

Question 7

where are chloroplasts found

Answer 7

plants

algae

Question 8

chloroplast structure

Answer 8

double membraned
thylakoids stacked to make grana 
grana linked by lamellae 
chlorophyll
starch granules 
circular DNA

Question 9

function of chloroplast

Answer 9

site of photosynthesis

Question 10

golgi apparatus structure

Answer 10

fluid-filled membrane-bound sacs

Question 11

function of golgi

Answer 11

process + package lipids + proteins

makes lysosomes

Question 12

golgi vesicle structure

Answer 12

small fluid-filled sac

surrounded by golgi apparatus membrane

Question 13

golgi vesicle function

Answer 13

stores lipids + proteins from golgi

transports out cells

Question 14

lysosome structure

Answer 14

type of golgi vesicle

Question 15

lysosome function

Answer 15

contains hydrolytic enzymes -lysozymes

Question 16

what do lysozymes do

Answer 16

hydrolyse/ break down pathogens or worn out cell components

Question 17

ribosomes structure

Answer 17

small organelles
free floats in cytoplasm/ attached to RER
made of proteins + RNA
NOT membrane bound

Question 18

ribosomes function

Answer 18

site of protein synthesis

Question 19

rough endoplasmic reticulum structure

Answer 19

system of membranes

with ribosomes embedded in surface

Question 20

RER function

Answer 20

folds polypeptides (secondary to tertiary)
packages to vesicles

Question 21

smooth endoplasmic reticulum structure

Answer 21

system of membranes

no ribosomes

Question 22

SER function

Answer 22

synthesis + process lipids

Question 23

where is a cell wall found

Answer 23

plants
algae
fungi

Question 24

cell wall structure

Answer 24

rigid structure surrounding cells
plants + algae - cellulose
fungi - chitin

Question 25

cell wall function

Answer 25

supports cells , preventing cells changing shape + bursting

Question 26

cell vacuole structure

Answer 26

surrounded by tonoplast membrane

contains cell sap

Question 27

what is cell sap

Answer 27

weak solution of sugars + salts

Question 28

cell vacuole function

Answer 28

maintains pressure in cell (stops wilting)
temporary energy store
isolation of unwanted chemicals in cell