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Biology- Ms Pedrosa > mitosis > Flashcards

mitosis Flashcards

1
Q

what is mitosis needed for

A

cell growth
repair
replace worn out cells

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2
Q

what does mitosis produce

A

two genetically identical daughter cells

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3
Q

what do all cells not have the ability to?

A

divide

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4
Q

cells that can divide have a…

A

cell cycle

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5
Q

mitosis is part of a

A

cell cycle

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6
Q

what are the phases of a cell cycle

A

G1
S
G2
Mitosis

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7
Q

what happens in G1

A

cell grows

new organelles + proteins made

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8
Q

what happens in S phase

A

cell replicates DNA

ready to divide by mitosis

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9
Q

what happens in G2 phase

A

cell keeps growing

proteins needed for cell division are made

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10
Q

what stage is before mitosis

A

interphase

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11
Q

what happens in interphase

A

cell carries out normal functions ; but is ready to divide
DNA is unravelled + replicated
organelles also repilcated
ATP content increases

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12
Q

mitosis is a … process

A

controlled

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13
Q

what are the 4 stages of mitosis

A

prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase

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14
Q

what happens in prophase (5)

A 
chromosomes condense
                         shorter
                         thicker 
centrioles form on either side of cell
spindle fibres formed
nuclear envelope disintegrates 
chromosomes free in cytoplasm
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15
Q

what happens in metaphase

A

chromosomes line up at equator

chromosomes attached to spindle fibre by centromere

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16
Q

what happens in anaphase

A

centromere divides ; separates sister chromatids
spindle fibres contract ; pulls away chromatids to either side
chromosomes appear v shaped

17
Q

what happens in telophase

A

chromatids uncoil - long + thin again
nuclear envelope reforms
2 nuclei formed

18
Q

what happens in cytokinesis

A

cytoplasm divides

two new genetically identical daughter cells

19
Q

cancer is

A

uncontrolled cell division

20
Q

mitosis is controlled by

A

genes

21
Q

what causes a tumour

A

mutation in gene

leading to uncontrolled cell division

22
Q

describe a way cancer treatments target cells

A

G1 phase targeted
proteins for DNA replication not synthesised
cell can’t go into s phase
cell kills itself

23
Q

describe a way cancer treatments target cells

A 
S phase targeted 
DNA damaged by radiation + drugs
damage detected at checkpoint 
cell kills itself
prevents tumour growth

Biology- Ms Pedrosa (12 decks)

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