Cell Structure & transport across cell membranes Flashcards
Name and identify the structure found in animal cells
Animal cells contain a nucleus, cytoplasm, membrane, mitochondria and ribosomes.
Name and identify the structures found in plant cells
Plant cells contain a nucleus, cytoplasm, membrane, mitochondria, ribosomes, chloroplasts, cell wall, and vacuole.
Name and identify the structure found in fungal cells
Fungal cells contain nucleus, cytoplasm, membrane, mitochondria, ribosomes, cell wall and vacuole
Name and identify the structure found in bacterial cells
Bacterial cells contain genetic material, plasmids, ribosomes, membrane, cell wall, and cytoplasm
Give the functions of the following structures; nucleus, cytoplasm, membrane, Ribosome, mitochondria, cell wall, vacuole, chloroplast and plasmid.
The nucleus controls the cell activities.
The cytoplasm is the site of chemical reactions.
The membrane controls what enters and exits the cell
Ribosomes produce protein.
Mitochondria are the site of a aerobic respiration
Chloroplasts are the site of photosynthesis
The vacuole stores water and salts.
The cell wall gives the plant cell, a rigid structure .
A plasmid is a small ring of DNA.
What is the cell wall made out of in plant cells? And what cells have different materials to a plants cell wall?
Celulose.
Fungal and bacterial cell walls are made of different materials
What does the cell membrane consist of?
The cell membrane consist of phospholipids and proteins and is selectively permeable.
Where does passive transport occur and what does it not require?
Passive transport occurs down a concentration gradient and does not require energy
State that different concentrations of substances exist between cells and their environment
Different concentrations of substances exist between cells and their environment
Define diffusion
Diffusion is the movement of molecules down a concentration gradient from a higher to lower concentration
Give examples of substances which will diffuse into and out of cells
Oxygen defuses into cells and carbon dioxide diffuses out
Define osmosis
Osmosis is the movement of water molecules from a higher water concentration to a lower water concentration through a selectively permeable membrane
Describe the effect of osmosis on animals
Animal cells placed in water gain water and burst. Animal cells placed in strong salt, solution lose water and shrink/shrivel.
Describe the effect of osmosis in plant cells, including the terms, turgid and plasmolysed.
Plant cell is placed in water gain water and become turgid. Plant cells placed in strong salt, solution, lose water and become plasmolysed.
What does active transport require?
Membrane proteins
