Cell Structures and their Function

Question 1

Within a cell, specialized structure performs specific functions

Answer 1

organelles

Question 2

living material surrounding the nucleus

Answer 2

cytoplasm

Question 3

cytoplasm is enclosed by

Answer 3

cell membrane or plasma membrane

Question 4

other term for cell membrane

Answer 4

plasma membrane

Question 5

four main functions of a cell

Answer 5

1. cell metabolism and energy use
2. synthesis of molecules
3. communication
4. reproduction and inheritance

Question 6

energy released during metabolism is used for cell activities

Answer 6

cell metabolism and energy use

Question 7

cell synthesize various types of molecules, including proteins, nucleic acid and lipids

Answer 7

synthesis of molecules

Question 8

cells produce and receive chemical and electrical signals

Answer 8

communication

Question 9

each cell contains a copy of the genetic information of the individual

Answer 9

reproduction and inheritance

Question 10

substance outside the cell

Answer 10

extracellular

Question 11

inside the cell

Answer 11

cytoplasmic or intracellular

Question 12

other term for cytoplasmic

Answer 12

intracellular

Question 13

functions of a cell membrane

Answer 13

1. supporting the cell contents
2. acting as a selective barrier that determines what moves into and out of the cell
3. playing a role in communication between cell

Question 14

two major types of molecules in cell membrane

Answer 14

1. phospholipids
2. proteins

Question 15

allow some substances, but not others, to pass into or out of the cell

Answer 15

selectively permeable

Question 16

passive membrane transport mechanism

Answer 16

1. diffusion
2. osmosis
3. facilitated diffusion

Question 17

active membrane mechanism

Answer 17

1. active transport
2. secondary active transport
3. endocytosis
4. exocytosis

Question 18

composed of two major parts, solutes and solvents

Answer 18

solution

Question 19

dissolved in a predominant liquid or gas

Answer 19

solutes

Question 20

predominant liquid or gas

Answer 20

solvent

Question 21

solute moving from higher concentration to a lower concentration in solution

Answer 21

diffusion

Question 22

difference in the concentration of a solute in a solvent between two points divided by the distance between the two points

Answer 22

concentration gradient

Question 23

diffusion of water across selectively permeable membrane

Answer 23

osmosis

Question 24

osmosis occurs when…

Answer 24

cell membrane is less permeable, selectively permeable, or not permeable to solutes and a concentration gradient for water exist across the cell membrane

Question 25

force required to prevent the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane

Answer 25

osmotic pressure

Question 26

hypo

Answer 26

under

Question 27

solution has a lower concentration of solutes and higher concentration of water relative to the cytoplasm of the vell

Answer 27

hypotonic

Question 28

if the cells swells enough, it can rupture, a process called

Answer 28

lysis

Question 29

solution has higher concentration of solutes and a lower concentration of water

Answer 29

hypertonic

Question 30

cell shrinkage

Answer 30

crenation

Question 31

medial transport process involving membrane proteins such as channels or carrier proteins, to move substance across the cell membrane

Answer 31

facilitated diffusion

Question 32

constantly allow ions to pass through

Answer 32

leak channels

Question 33

limit the movement if ions across the membrane by opening and closing

Answer 33

gated channel

Question 34

proteins within the cell membrane, are also involved in facilitated diffusion

Answer 34

carrier molecules

Question 35

carrier molecules exhibit ......

Answer 35

specificity

Question 36

utilizes membrane proteins to move substances across the cell membrane

Answer 36

active transport

Question 37

from lower concentration to a higher concentration

Answer 37

active transport

Question 38

active transport requires energy in a form of .....

Answer 38

ATP

Question 39

genetic disorder that affects the active transport of Cl- intro cells

Answer 39

cystic fibrosis

Question 40

active transport of one substance across the cell membrane

Answer 40

secondary active transport

Question 41

moves in the same direction as the transported substance

Answer 41

contransport

Question 42

moves in a direction opposite to that of the transported substance

Answer 42

countertransport

Question 43

uptake of material through the cell membrane by the formation of a vesicle

Answer 43

endocytosis

Question 44

used for endocytosis when solid particles are ingested

Answer 44

phagocytosis

Question 45

a much smaller vesicle are formed and contains liquid rather than solid particles

Answer 45

pinocytosis

Question 46

release of substance front the cell through the fusion of a vesicle with a cell membrane

Answer 46

exocytosis

Question 47

contents of the nucleus is separated from the rest of the cytoplasm by a

Answer 47

nuclear envelope

Question 48

the inner and outer membranes of the nucleus come together to form

Answer 48

nuclear pores

Question 49

this genetic material is organized into 23 pairs of

Answer 49

chromosome

Question 50

how many pairs of chromosome

Answer 50

23

Question 51

when chromosome are loosely coiled, they are called

Answer 51

chromatin

Question 52

diffuse bodies with no surrounding membrane that are fond within the nucleus

Answer 52

nucleoli

Question 53

where proteins are produced

Answer 53

ribosome

Question 54

forming sacs and tubules hat extends from the outer nuclear membrane into the cytoplasm

Answer 54

endoplasmic reticulum

Question 55

attached with ribosome

Answer 55

rough er

Question 56

without attached ribosome

Answer 56

smooth er

Question 57

golgi apparatus or

Answer 57

golgi complex

Question 58

closely packed stacks of curved, membrane-bound sac

Answer 58

golgi apparatus

Question 59

membrane bound vesicles formed from the golgi apparatus

Answer 59

lysosome

Question 60

inability of lysosomal enzyme to break down the carbohydrate glycogen produced in certain cells

Answer 60

pompe disease

Question 61

small, membrane bound vesicle containing enzymes that breaks down fatty acids, amino acids, hydrogen peroxide

Answer 61

peroxisome

Question 62

small organelle with inner and outer membranes separated by a space

Answer 62

mitochondria

Question 63

inner membranes in the mitochondira have numerous folds called

Answer 63

cristae

Question 64

material within the inner membrane of the mitochondria

Answer 64

mitochondrial matrix

Question 65

contains enzyme in mitochondria

Answer 65

mitochondrial DNA