Cell Structures and Types (Larsen 1) Flashcards
(46 cards)
Levels of organization in a multicellular organism
- Cells
- Tissues
- Organ
- Organ system
- Organism
Made of specialized cell types bound together with various extracellular products
Tissues
Made of 2 or more tissues forming a large functional unit
Organ
Made of organs with interrelated functions
Organ system
Made of organ systems
Organism
What is a tissue?
- Structurally similar cells
- Cell products (extracellular matrices)
- Group of cells and their products together perform a function
What are the basic tissues?
Epithelium
Connective tissues
Muscle
Nerve tissue
Which tissue lines body surfaces and cavities, protects & performs glandular secretion?
Epithelium (Such as enamel, which is a product of the ameloblast, which is drived from epithelium)
Which tissue supports and protect tissues & organs?
Connective tissue
Which tissue is responsible for body movement?
Muscle
Which tissue transmits nervous impulses?
Nerve tissue
What is needed to make a tooth?
- Epithelium
- Connective tissue
- Need to go from undifferentiated to specific cell fates
In making distinct tissues, ____ and ____ must be sensed and responded to by cells.
Time and place
In making distinct tissues, there must be ____ and ____ regulation of cellular products.
Temporal and spatial
Example of distinct cell types from same genome: Jejunum of small intestine
- Complete digestion
- Absorb nutrients
Example of distinct cell types from same genome: Neuron
- Communication
- Movement
- Sensory perception
How do we make distinct tissues?
Regulate gene expression for the appropriate amount in the proper place at the right time
DNA –> RNA Pol II –> ____ –> Protein
mRNA
DNA –> RNA Pol I –> ____ –> Protein
rRNA
DNA –> RNA Pol III –> ____ –> Protein
tRNA, 5S RNA and other small RNAs
Cell fates: Cells start ______ then _____ to perform specific functions.
- Undifferentiated
- Differentiate
Cell fates: Cycles of _____, _____, and _____ lead to organ formation.
- Division
- Differentiation
- Morphogenesis (moving into place)
Cell fates: _____ is important for maintenance.
Mitosis
Cell fates: May become ______.
Post-mitotic (neurons and ameloblasts)
