cell structures & functions

Question 1

what are the smallest units of life

Answer 1

cells

Question 2

what are the 4 features both prokaryotes & eukaryotes have

Answer 2

DNA, plasma membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes

Question 3

prokaryotes

Answer 3

no nucleus, or membrane-bound organelles, unicellular, simple

Question 4

eukaryotes

Answer 4

has nucleus, membrane-bound organelles, multicellular) but some uni), complex

Question 5

photosynthesis

Answer 5

occurs in plant cells, takes place in chloroplast

Question 6

photosynthesis reactants & products

Answer 6

water + carbon dioxide + sunlight = glucose & oxygen

Question 7

cellular respiration

Answer 7

occurs in plant & animal cells, takes place in mitochondria

Question 8

cellular respiration reactants & products

Answer 8

glucose + oxygen = water, carbon dioxide & ATP

Question 9

active transport

Answer 9

sodium/potassium pump, endocytosis, exocytosis

Question 10

active transport definition

Answer 10

moves molecules in & out of the cell using a protein pump in the cell membrane (USES ENERGY)

Question 11

endocytosis definition

Answer 11

cell membrane eats/ingests foods or liquids into the cell

Question 12

exocytosis definition

Answer 12

a cell releases a substance like hormones or wastes through the cell membrane

Question 13

Passive transport

Answer 13

does not require energy - diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis

Question 14

diffusion meaning

Answer 14

movement of small molecules from area of high to low concentration

Question 15

facilitated diffusion meaning

Answer 15

uses protein channels to move larger molecules that cannot pass thru the cell membrane, does not need energy

Question 16

osmosis meaning

Answer 16

movement of WATER ONLY across cell membranes of cells (does not need energy)

Question 17

what energy molecule do cells use

Answer 17

ATP [adenosine triphosphate - contains 3 phosphates]

Question 18

what bond stores the most energy in ATP

Answer 18

the bond between the 2nd & 3rd phosphate

Question 19

what molecule is formed when a phosphate is released from ATP

Answer 19

ADP [adenosine diphosphate - has 2 phosphates]

Question 20

when the cell has energy available from food, what can happen?

Answer 20

When the cell has energy available from food, it can store energy in the bond by adding a third phosphate to ADP to create ATP

Question 21

does ATP or ADP have the most energy?

Answer 21

ATP

Question 22

in bacteria cells, where does cellular respiration take place

Answer 22

cytoplasm

Question 23

2 steps of cellular respiration

Answer 23

glycosis & krebs cycle

Question 24

does glycosis require oxygen

Answer 24

no

Question 25

if oxygen is present, what is the next step after glycosis

Answer 25

cellular respiration (aerobic respiration)

Question 26

if oxygen is not present, what is the next step after glycosis

Answer 26

fermentation (anaerobic respiration)

Question 27

what is the difference between cellular respiration & fermentation in regards to production of ATP

Answer 27

cellular respiration makes 36 ATP & fermentation makes 2 ATP

Question 28

2 types of fermentation

Answer 28

Lactic acid (happens in muscles) & alcoholic (bacteria & yeast) fermentation

Question 29

disadvantage of fermentation

Answer 29

net ATP is much lower when you don't have oxygen available

Question 30

cell theory

Answer 30

all living things are composed of cells, the cell is the basic unit of life, cells arise from pre-existing cells

Question 31

modern cell theory

Answer 31

energy flow occurs within cells, DNA is passed on from cell to cell, all cells have the same basic chemical composition

Question 32

endosymbiotic theory

Answer 32

the explanation for the orgin of eukaryotic cells

Question 33

nucleus

Answer 33

contains DNA, controls cells's growth & reproduction, found in animal & plant

Question 34

mitochondria

Answer 34

converts energy into usable forms thru cellular respiration, found in animals & plants

Question 35

cell membrane

Answer 35

semi-permeable, protects interior of cell, found in animals & plants

Question 36

cell wall

Answer 36

provides support & protection, found in plants only

Question 37

chloroplast

Answer 37

contains chlorophyll, converts radiant energy into chemical energy via photosynthesis, found only in plants

Question 38

endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 38

manufactures membranes, proteins, carbs, lipids, hormones & transports to other organelles, found in both animals & plants

Question 39

golgi complex

Answer 39

manufactures, stores & ships cellular products, found in both animal & plant cells

Question 40

vacuole

Answer 40

stores water, nutrietns, and waste, found in both plants & animals, but larger in plants

Question 41

lysosomes

Answer 41

sacs of enzymes that digest macromolecules, found in both

Question 42

ribosomes

Answer 42

site of protein synthesis, found in both

Question 43

cytoplasm

Answer 43

cytosol & all contents of the cell except the nucleus, cell process occurs here, found in both

Question 44

hypertonic

Answer 44

higher solute concentration [turgid]

Question 45

hypotonic

Answer 45

water comes in, and fills up the cell & about to burst

Question 46

isotonic

Answer 46

equilibrium, cells are happy