Cell Transport

Question 1

Definition of Bulk Transport

Answer 1

Movement of large amounts of substances into and out of the cell

Question 2

2 examples of bulk transport

Answer 2

Endocytosis

Exocytosis

Question 3

2 examples of endocytosis

Answer 3

Phagocytosis - take in solids

Pinocytosis - takes in liquids

Question 4

Example of phagocytosis

Answer 4

White blood cells taking in a bacteria

Question 5

2 thing that exit the cell by exocytosis

Answer 5

Wastes

Cell products

• hormones
• mucus
• proteins

Question 6

Definition of active transport

Answer 6

Movement of substances from a low to high concentration with a carrier protein and cell energy

Question 7

2 examples of active transport

Answer 7

Sodium potassium pump

Plants roots absorbing minerals

Question 8

The sodium potassium pump pumps ___ ___________ out of the cell and pumps ___ ___________ into the cell.

This pump used _____ of the cells energy

Answer 8

3 sodiums
2 potassiums
1/3

Question 9

The concentration gradient formed by the sodium potassium pump is very important because it enables …

Answer 9

Muscles to contract

Nerves to conduct impulses

Intestines to absorb nutrients

Question 10

Definition of passive transport

Answer 10

Molecules going from high to low

Question 11

3 examples of passive transport

Answer 11

Simple diffusion

Osmosis

Facilitated diffusion

Question 12

Define Facilitated diffusion

Answer 12

Movement of molecules from high to low concentration without the use of energy but with a carrier protein

Question 13

Define simple diffusion

Answer 13

Movement of small particles from a high to low concentration without energy.

Question 14

Define osmosis

Answer 14

Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

Question 15

Define carrier protein

Answer 15

A channel protein that moves substances across the cell membrane

Question 16

Define concentration gradient

Answer 16

Difference in the concentration of a substance in one area and the concentration of the substance in an adjacent area

Question 17

Equilibrium

Answer 17

When the concentration of a solute is the same throughout the solution

Question 18

Define ion channels

Answer 18

Protein channel that allows specific ion to cross the cell membrane without energy being used and going from a high to low concentration

Question 19

Solution

Answer 19

Mixture of a solute and solvent

Question 20

Solute

Answer 20

Substance that gets dissolved

Question 21

Solvent

Answer 21

Substance that does the dissolving

Question 22

Cause of diffusion

Answer 22

Random movement of particles

Question 23

Rate/speed of diffusion depend on what ?

Answer 23

Size of molecule
- bigger is slower

Temperature

• high is faster
• low is slower

Question 24

Example of facilitated diffusion in a cell

Answer 24

Glucose moving into the cell

Question 25

Permeable

Answer 25

Allow substances to pass through

Question 26

Impermeable

Answer 26

Doesn't allow substances to pass through

Question 27

Selectively permeable Semipermeable

Answer 27

Allows certain substances to pass through

Question 28

Two main functions of the cell wall

Answer 28

Provide support and protection Give cell it's shape

Question 29

``` Cell walls are porous enough to let ________ ________ ________ ________ ``` Pass through easily

Answer 29

Water Oxygen Carbon dioxide Small proteins

Question 30

Prokaryotic cell wall is made of ? Plant cell wall is made of ?

Answer 30

Peptidoglycan Cellulose

Question 31

Cell walls are located in | ________ , _________ , __________ , and _________ cells.

Answer 31

Plant cells Algae cells Fungi cells Prokaryotic cells

Question 32

Hypertonic solution

Answer 32

Water goes out of the cell Plant - plasmolysis Animal - cell shrinks

Question 33

Hypotonic solution

Answer 33

Water goes into the cell Plant - turgor pressure (cell swells) Animal - lysis (cell bursts)

Question 34

Isotonic solution

Answer 34

Water goes in and out Cells are unchanged

Question 35

Cholesterol

Answer 35

Stabilizes the membrane

Question 36

Phospholipid

Answer 36

Phosphate Glycerol 2 fatty acid tails

Question 37

Lipid bilayer

Answer 37

What forms when 2 phospholipids go in water.

Question 38

Hydrophobic region

Answer 38

"Water fearing" Fatty acid tails (inside bilayer)

Question 39

Hydrophilic region

Answer 39

"Water loving" Phosphohead (outside bilayer)

Question 40

Ectraceplular side

Answer 40

Outside of cell

Question 41

Cytoplasmic side

Answer 41

Inside of cell (cytoplasm)

Question 42

Channel protein

Answer 42

A protein embedded in the phospholipid bilayer that acts as a channel or tunnel to let molecules in or out of the cell.

Question 43

Cell surface marker

Answer 43

Carb chain that is used to is a cell (name tag)

Question 44

Receptor protein

Answer 44

Protein on the outside of the cell membrane that recognizes or binds to specific molecules and causes reactions to occur inside of the cell (doorbell)

Question 45

Enzymes

Answer 45

Protein on the inside of the cell that assists in chemical reactions.

Question 46

Why is it called a fluid mosaic model ?

Answer 46

Fluid - the phospholipid having the consistency of vegetable oil Mosaic - proteins that are embedded within the phospholipid

Question 47

What is water intoxication ?

Answer 47

Hyponatremia

Question 48

How do bacteria and plant deal with osmotic pressure ?

Answer 48

They have a cell wall that prevents them from bursting in a hypotonic solution.

Question 49

How do paramecium deal will osmotic pressure ?

Answer 49

Have a contractile vacuole that collects water flowing in and pumps it out to prevent bursting.

Question 50

How do salt water fish deal with osmotic pressure ?

Answer 50

They pump salt out of their gills so that they don't dehydrate.

Question 51

How do animal cells deal with osmotic pressure ?

Answer 51

They are bathed in blood and the kidneys keep blood isotonic by removing excess salt in water.