Organelle's Function

Question 1

Nucleus

Answer 1

Contains genetic material which controls the activities of the cell

Animal
Plant

Question 2

Peroxisome in animal cells

Answer 2

Uses a variety of enzymes that detoxify substances like hydrogen peroxide or alcohol in the liver.

Question 3

Peroxisome in plant cells

Answer 3

Convert fatty acids to sugar.

Question 4

Pili

Answer 4

Helps attach surfaces and conjugation.

Conjugation ( passing of genetic material through pili form one bacteria to another bacteria.)

Prokaryotes

Question 5

Flagella

Answer 5

Long threadlike projections of micro tube that helps bacteria move 20 cell lengths in one second.

Prokaryotes

Question 6

Golgi apparatus

Answer 6

Packages, modifies, and stores and releases products.

Products can be

• neurotransmitters
• mucus
• hormones

Plant
Animal

Question 7

Lysosomes

Answer 7

Gets rid of waste.
Digests the waste.

Plant
Animal

Question 8

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 8

Modified and transports proteins
Ribosomes attached to them

Animal
Plant

Question 9

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 9

Modified and transports carbs and lipids

Animal
Plant

Question 10

Cell wall

Answer 10

The tough covering that protects plant cells and gives plants their shape.

Bacteria (made of carbs and proteins)
Plants (made with glycogen)

Plant
Prokaryotic

Question 11

Vacuole

Answer 11

Storage sacks that hold water, enzymes nutrients, ions, and wastes.

Temporary in animal cells
Permanent in plant cells

Plant
Animal

Question 12

Cytoplasm

Answer 12

Where most metabolic reactions occur.

Cytosol 80% water but thick

Holds organelles

Animal
plant
prokaryotes

Question 13

Cell membrane

Answer 13

Controls what goes in and out of the cell.
Gives shape
Maintains homeostasis
Protective barrier

Animal
Plant
Prokaryotic

Question 14

Vesicles

Answer 14

Small membrane sacks that break off from Golgi body and carry substances out of the cell.

Carries proteins lipids carbs to the Golgi body.

Animal
Plant

Question 15

Nucleolus

Answer 15

Makes ribosomes.

Animal
Plant

Question 16

Ribosomes

Answer 16

Use instructions from the nucleus to make proteins.

Question 17

Cilia

Answer 17

Short projections of micro tubes.

Line are passageways, kidney, Fallopian tube.

Move back and forth to let things flow in one direction.

Animal cells

Question 18

Centriole

Answer 18

Help with reproduction.
Made of microtubeles.

Animal cells

Question 19

Nucleoid

Answer 19

Chromosomes are floating freely
Has no membrane around it

Prokaryotes

Question 20

Chloroplasts

Answer 20

Performs photosynthesis using light energy from the sun to turn it into energy (sugar).

Plant cells

Question 21

Mitochondria

Answer 21

Turns super into energy (ATP) for the cell. (Cell respiration)

Plants
Animal

Question 22

Cytoskeleton

made of ?

Answer 22

Give the cell it’s shape and holds the organelles in place.

microfilaments & microtubules

Animal and plant cells

Question 23

Plasmids

Answer 23

Provide bacteria with genetic advantages

Question 24

Capsule

Answer 24

Protect cells from phagocytic engulfment, occasionally killing or digestion.

Reserve of nutrients

Attachment to surfaces

Prokaryotes

Question 25

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Answer 25

He invented the first handheld microscope.

Question 26

Robert Hooke

Answer 26

Looked that the cork cell | Named the cell

Question 27

Matthias Schleiden

Answer 27

German botanist that stated that plants are made of cells.

Question 28

Theadore Schwann

Answer 28

German zoologist who stated that animals are made of cells.

Question 29

Rudolph Virchow

Answer 29

German physician who stated that animal cells arise only from animal cells and plant cells arise from only plant cells.

Question 30

3 principles of the cell theory

Answer 30

1. Cells are the basic unit of life 2. All organisms are made of one or more cells. 3. All cells arise from pre-existing cells

Question 31

What are the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells ?

Answer 31

Eukaryotes - nucleus - membrane bound organelles - complex Prokaryotes - no nucleus - no membrane bound organelles - simple

Question 32

3 organelles in PLANT CELLS that are not in animal cells ?

Answer 32

Chloroplasts Cell wall Big vacuole in the center

Question 33

1 organelles in ANIMAL CELLS that is not in plant cells ?

Answer 33

Centriole

Question 34

4 organelles found in ALL types of cells ?

Answer 34

Cell membrane Ribosomes Cytoplasm Chromosomes

Question 35

The organelles found in PLANT CELLS and PROKARYOTIC CELLS but not in animal cells ?

Answer 35

Cell wall

Question 36

organelle only in prokaryotic cells

Answer 36

``` plasmid Pili Flagella Nucleoid Capsule ```

Question 37

Muscle cells will have a lot of what organelles?

Answer 37

Mitochondria for energy Ribosomes to make proteins that build up muscle called actin and myosin

Question 38

Liver cells will have a lot of what organelles ?

Answer 38

Smooth ER and Peroxisomes for detoxification

Question 39

Pancreatic cells will have a lot of what organelles ?

Answer 39

Ribosomes to make protein hormones. Golgi to produce the cell control products (insulin and glucagon) for secretion.

Question 40

two main functions of the cell wall.

Answer 40

provide support and shape | protection

Question 41

prokaryotic cell walls are made of what ?

Answer 41

peptidoglycan

Question 42

plant cell wall is made of what ?

Answer 42

cellulose

Question 43

What is it called when the cell counts suicide by breaking open ?

Answer 43

Apoptosis

Question 44

What is the cell wall made of in plants ? Bacteria ?

Answer 44

Plants - glycogen | Bacteria - peptidoglycan carbs + proteins

Question 45

What do guard cells do for plants ?

Answer 45

Control the opening and closing of the stomata on leaves. Opens up to let in carbon dioxide

Question 46

Do red blood cells have a nucleus ?

Answer 46

No

Question 47

How many oxygen can red blood cells carry ? Why ?

Answer 47

4 The shape of the hemoglobin protein that makes up the cell.

Question 48

Cholesterol

Answer 48

Stabilizes the membrane

Question 49

Phospholipid

Answer 49

phosphate, glycerol, 2 fatty acids

Question 50

Lipid Bilayer

Answer 50

what forms when 2 phospholipids are placed in water

Question 51

Why is bacteria helpful and harmful ?

Answer 51

help with digestion and immunity | some cause disease