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cell types Flashcards

(93 cards)

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1
Q

hematoxylin

A

basic dye, binds negatively charged tissue (basophilic)

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2
Q

eosin

A

acidic dye, binds positively charged tissue components (acidophilic)

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3
Q

sebaceous glands

A

usually secrete into hair follicles; Holocrine secretion

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4
Q

parotid gland

A

serous gland

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5
Q

sublingual gland

A

mainly mucous with serous demilunes

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6
Q

submandibular gland

A

mainly serous, some mucous

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7
Q

eccrine sweat gland

A

simple coiled tubular glands, open directly into skin surface; merocrine secretion; serous secretions

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8
Q

apocrine sweat glands

A

open into hair follicles above sebaceous glands, wide lumen of secretory portion; secrete viscous, odorless fluid that is metabolized to produce malodorous compounds; Merocrine secretion (maybe apocrine); perianal, areola, axilla; active at puberty

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9
Q

myoepithelial cell

A

by base of glands, contract for excretion; in sweat, mammary and salivary glands

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10
Q

fibroblasts

A

predominant cell in connective tissues; elongated spindle-shaped, flattened nucleus; produce fibers and ground substances; extensive RER

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11
Q

macrophage (histiocytes)

A

large, pale staining irregular shape; phagocystic cells; derived from monocytes; present in chronic inflammation

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12
Q

mast cells

A

round to oval cells, nucleus centrally located; lare basophilic granules containing histamine; increase permeability of small venules and capillaries in response to inflammation

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13
Q

plasma cells

A

eccentric nucleus, “clock face” due to heterochromatin or “cartwheel” due to euchromatin; extensive RER, centrosome; derived from B lymphocytes and activated in immune response; produce and secrete antibodies

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14
Q

lymphocytes

A

major cell type in immune system; found in blood, lymph CT, lymphoid tissue
o Small = inactive, heterochromatic, basophilic
o Large = active, euchromatic nucelus

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15
Q

adipocytes

A

fat cells

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16
Q

reticular fibers

A

collagen type III

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17
Q

collagen fibers

A

collagen type I (3 alpha chains)

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18
Q

brown fat

A

multilocular, vascular, brown due to many mitochondria, prominent in newborns; generate heat

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19
Q

white fat

A

unilocular when mature, single large droplet, “chicken-wire appearance); energy storage, thermal insulation; hypodermis, breast, loose CT; no membrane

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20
Q

kupffer cells

A

macrophages of liver

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21
Q

keratinocyte

A

produce lamellar bodies (waterproof skin), keratohyalin granules ; found in stratum basales

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22
Q

melanocyte

A

pale cells in stratum basales, long cytoplasmic processes; produce melanin; LESS pigmented than keratinocytes

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23
Q

melanocyte

A

membrane bound organelles containing tyrosinase, transferred to keratinocytes once they are made; melanin is synthesized within melanosomes

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24
Q

langerhans cell

A

macrophages of skin; type of dendritic cell

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25
meibomian gland
sebaceous gland of eyelid
26
merkel cell
rare cells in stratum basales; most numerous in thick skin
27
merkel corpuscle (mechanoreceptor)
merkel cell + merkel disc
28
stem cell of skin
gives rise only to keratinocytes and merkel cells
29
hofbauer cells
macrophages of chorionic villi
30
decidual cells
derived from stromal cells of uterine endometrium (maternal); found in decidual basalis; large, polygonal cells with pale cytoplasm and central nuclei
31
cytotrophoblast
pale staining, mononucleated, stem cells that fuse to form syncytiotrophoblast; separated from maternal blood by syncytiotrophoblast
32
syncytiotrophoblast
multinucleated syncytium formed by fusion of cytotrophoblat cells; invasive properties, microvilli
33
skeletal muscle cell
long, unbranched cylindrical cells, multinucleated, peripheral nuceli
34
cardiac muscle cell
single or binucelate centrally located, intercalated disks, may branch
35
smooth muscle cells
spindle shaped (fusiform) cells, single central nucleus; corkscrew apperance when contracted
36
neuoglia/glia
non-neuronal cells specific to the nervous system o CNS: oligodendrocytes, astroglia, microglia, ependymal cells o PNS: Schwann cells, satellite cells
37
neuron
cell body has large and euchromatic nucleus, prominent nucleolus, nissl bodies, perikaryon; dendrites, axon
38
ganglia
cluster of neuronal cell bodies located outside the CNS o Sensory: dorsal root ganglia, Sensory ganglia of cranial nerves o Autonomic: sympathetic, parasympathetic, enteric
39
satellite cells
surround neuron cell bodies, support microenvironment
40
schwann cells
wrap around axons, associated with myelinated and unmyelinated axons
41
oligodendrocytes
make myelin
42
chromophobe
cytoplasm stains poorly, may be undifferentiated cells or degranulated chromophils (adenohypophysis)
43
acidophil
somatotropes (GH), mammotropes (prolactin); (SAM, GPA); (adenohypophysis)
44
basophil
gonadotropes (FSH, LH), corticotropes (ACTH, POMC), thyrotropes (TSH); B-FLAT; melanotopes (MSH)l (adenohypophysis)
45
pituicytes
glial cells, most nuclei in pars nervosa; neurohypophysis
46
chief (principal) cell
small polygonal cells with round central nucleus, large amounts of glycogen; “beads on a string,” produce PTH (increases blood Ca2+)
47
oxyphils
larger and rounder than chief cells, very eosinophilic (mitochondria), smaller nuclei; occur in clusters, increase with age; unknown function; in parathyroid
48
thyroid follicular cell
morphologically polarized cells with basal and apical ends, abundant RER, TG synthesis, tight junctions, microvilli; lysosomes
49
parafollicular (C) cell
rare in human thyroid; pale or clear cytoplasm, part of follicular epithelium, secrete calcitonin in response to high blood calcium
50
chromaffin cells
NE and epinephrine producing cells; stain with chromium salts; made up adrenal glands
51
osteoprogenitor cells
differentiate into osteoblasts; found in inner layer of periosteum and in the endosteum
52
osteoblast
uninucleate cells derived from osteoprogentiro cells, basophilic (RER), surface of bone, deposit bone matrix
53
osteocyte
uninucleate cells derived from osteoblasts; when osteoblast becomes completely surrounded by bone it becomes an osteocyte (lacuna); maintain bone matrix
54
osteoclast
large multinucleated cells, differentiate from monocytes; acidophilic, found on surface of bone; resorb bone matrix
55
chondrocyte
cartilage cells; completed surrounded by matrix, oval cells; produce matrix components; receive poor oxygen
56
isogenous group
formed by chondrocytes in fibrocartilage
57
erythrocyte
red blood cells; no nucleus or cytoplasmic organelles
58
reticulocyte
no nucleus, larger than RBC, only motile stage in RBC lifecycle
59
platelet
thrombocytes; no nuclei; granules; short life span; maintain endothelium; has organelles
60
leukocyte
white blood cell; nucleated, larger than RBCs, involved in inflammation
61
agranulocytes
lymphocytes, monocytes | • Nonlobulated nucleus, azurophlic granules (lyosomes), lack specific granules
62
granulocytes
neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils | • Lobed nuclei, azuophilic and specific granules
63
lymphocyte
30% of WBCs; T cells, B cells, NK cells o Small: heterochromatic, round or kidney shaped, basophilic o Large: larger euchromatic nucleus, smudged chromatin pattern
64
monocyte
largest cells; irregular folded lumpy horse-shaped nucleus, lacey chromatin pattern, pale-staining; become macrophages in tissue o Cluster to form Giant cells
65
neutrophil
70% of WBCs, 2-5 lobes connected by thin strands, small and pale staining granules, phagocytic
66
eosinophil
2-3 well defined lobes in nucleus, crystalloid (MBP), kill worms, modulate activity of basophils and mast cells; asthma
67
basophil
least numerous, least lobulated nuclei, purplish-black granules in nuclei, no crystalloid, increase permeability of vessels, release PAF and LTC4; hypersensitivities
68
megakaryocyte
disintegrates to form platelets
69
basophilic erythroblast
most intensely basophilic cytoplasm, many free polysomes, dispersed chromatin
70
polychromatophilic erythroblast
“checkerboard” chromatin pattern, no visible nucleoli, produce large amounts of hemoglobin, last stage capable of mitosis
71
Orthochromatic Erythroblast
normoblast; most organelles absent; eosinophilic; heterochromatic eccentric nucleus
72
promyelocyte
large cell with multiple nucleoli, produces azurophilic granules; basophilic cytoplasm, irregular nucleus
73
myelocyte
smaller than promyelocyte, doesn’t make azurophlic granules; round or flattened nucleus; last stage capable of mitosis
74
metamyelocyte
V-shaped indentation of nucleus; condensed chromatin
75
band (stab) cell
curved dumb-bell shaped nucleus; more present in infections
76
mature granulocyte
heterochromatic nucleus, nuclear lobes connected by inner strands; leave hematopoietic compartment
77
pericyte
maintains blood-brain barrier; found near capillaries; monitor endothelial cells; important in brain
78
thymocyte
any lymphocyte in the thymus
79
thymic epithelial cell (TEC)
makes up stroma of the thymus; pale euchromatic; jointed to one another by desmosomes with tonofilaments; poorly phagocytic; also called epithelial reticular cells (ERCs)
80
interdigitating dendritic cell (IDC)
APC, lack tonofilaments, found in medulla; important in negative selection in thymus
81
prothymocyte
T cell precursors
82
follicular dendritic cell (FDC)
in lymphoid nodules; bind ag-ab cmplexes vi FC portion of AB; NOT APCs
83
centroblasts
actively dividing B cells in dark zone of nodule
84
centrocytes
B cells in light zone, less actively dividing; undergo class switching
85
reticular cells
make up stroma up spleen
86
alveolar macrophage (dust) cells
in alveolar epithelium, phagocytose
87
brush cells
sensory receptors of respiratory epithelium, have microvilli
88
DNES cells
secretory granules in basal cytoplasm, secrete into lamina propria, secrete different hormones; small granule cells; Kulchitsky cells
89
olfactory receptor cells
detect odors; line nasal cavity
90
type I pneumocyte
in alveolar epithelium, cover 95% of surface; simple squamous; form tight junctions
91
Type II pneumocyte
alveolar epithelium; great alveolar cells, septal cells; rounded, form tight junctions; produce surfacant in lamellar bodies; give rise to type I and type II
92
Sustentacular cells
supporting cells with microvilli of olfactory epithelium
93
clara cells
bronchiolar cells; produce proteins of surfacant (no cilia)

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