Cells 1

Question 1

What are the two components of the nucleus?

What does each part do?

Answer 1

Chromatin and Nucleolus

The chromatin contains DNA in the form of transcriptionally active ribosome genes. It is the site for rRNA synthesis.

The nucleolus is for ribosome synthesis.

Question 2

What is the role of the mitochondria?

Answer 2

To generate the chemical energy necessary for biochemical reactions which take place in the cytoplasm.

Question 3

What arrays are endoplasmic reticulum in?

Answer 3

Parallel

Question 4

What are some functions of the smooth ER?

Answer 4

• Detoxification and conjugation of noxious substances
• Lipid and steroid metabolism
• Glycogen metabolism
• Membrane formation

Question 5

What cells contain a lot of smooth ER?

Answer 5

Liver cells

Question 6

What are the two roles associated with rough ER

Answer 6

Protein synthesis and glycoprotein formation

Question 7

What is the main role of the Golgi apparatus?

Answer 7

To receive newly synthesised protein from the rER and sorting and packaging them to the final destination.

Question 8

What is the main role of hydrolytic enzymes?

Answer 8

It acts as a digestive system by decomposing substances taken into the cell and disposing of damaged cell organelles.

Question 9

What does glycogen look like under a microscope?

Answer 9

Black granules

Question 10

What happens to the nucleus in a fat cell?

Answer 10

The nucleus gets pushed to the side of the cell

Question 11

How much of the cell can triglycerides occupy?

Answer 11

90%

Question 12

What are the diameters of:

1. Microfilament
2. Microtubules
3. Intermediate Fibres

Answer 12

1 = 7nm
2 = 25nm
3 = 10nm

Question 13

Explain the structure of a microfilament?

Answer 13

They are strands of the protein called actin. G actin monomers are wound into a strand.

Question 14

What is the length of a microvilli?

Answer 14

1 micrometer in length

Question 15

What are present inside of the villi and why?

Answer 15

Actin filaments to maintain the finger like projections by forming a core running through each villus and is anchored to the actin cortex of the cell.

Question 16

What is the role of cilia?

Answer 16

To move fluid over the surface of the cell

Question 17

What is the arrangement of the cilia?

Answer 17

9+2 arrangement of microtubules. A ring of 9 doubles around a pair of central microtubules.

Question 18

What do centrioles polymerise to form?

Answer 18

Mitotic spindle

Question 19

What does a lot of rough ER indicate in a cell?

Answer 19

That the cell produces a lot of protein

Question 20

Give an example of a cell which produces a lot of rough ER

Answer 20

Plasma cells as they produce antibodies.

Nerve cells as protein is needed to maintain cell function.

Question 21

What are the roles of microtubules and microfilaments in a nerve cell?

Answer 21

Microtubules allow communication between the cell body and its processes. Microfilaments helps to keep shape of the cells.

Question 22

Why are muscle cells multinucleate?

Answer 22

They are formed from the fusion of several cells in an embryo.

Question 23

What are the names and functions of the 4 main tissues?

Answer 23

1 = epithelial - covers exposed surfaces and lines internal passageways 
2 = connective - fills internal spaces and provides structural support, stores energy 
3 = muscle - contracts to produce active movement 
4 = neural - conducts electrical impulses and carries information