Cells Flashcards
(29 cards)
What are some components of the plasma membrane
Phospholipids Cholesterol Membrane proteins Carbohydrate groups Glycoproteins and glycolipids
What is the largest membrane bound organelle
Nucleus
What are nuclear pores
Gaps within the nuclear envelope
Function of the nucleus
Storage and transmission of genetic information
Info coded in the DNA synthesises the protein determining the structure and function of the cell
How are chromosomes formed from DNA
DNA and proteins form chromatin - a mass of genetic material
At cell division, chromatin condenses into chromosomes
What occurs in the outer membrane of the mitochondria
Lipid synthesis and fatty acid metabolism
Where does Krebs cycle occur
Matrix of the mitochondria
Where does the respiratory/ electron transport chain take place
Inner membrane of mitochondria
Where are nucleotides synthesised
Intramembranous space of mitochondria
Function of the Golgi apparatus
Processes and modifies macromolecules synthesised in the Endoplasmic reticulum
Describe the difference in the functions of cis golgi and trans Golgi
Cis-golgi is nuclear facing and receives from the rough ER
Protein phosphorylation occurs in Cis
Trans - proteolysis of peptides into active forms and sorting of molecules into vesicles which bud from the surface
What is the function of the medial section of golgi
Modifies producers by adding sugars
Forms complex oligosaccharides by adding sugars to lipids and peptides
Functions of ribosomes
Translates genetic code into chains of AA
Deposits protein into the ER to undergo further modification
Where is the site of glycolysis
Cytoplasm
What are the components of the cytoplasm
Cytosol
Organelles
Cytoplasmic inclusions and dissolved solute
Cytoskeleton with associated motor proteins
What are 5 functions of the plasma membrane
Controls passage of various molecules Physical barrier Selective permeability Endo/exocytosis Cell signalling
What’s the difference between the phospholipid head and tail in terms of affinity for water
Hydrophobic head
Hydrophilic tail
What are vesicles
Very small spherical membrane bound organelles which transport and store material and exchange cell membrane compartments
What are tight junctions
Seals neighbouring cells together in an epithelial sheet to prevent leakage
What are adherens
Joins an actin bundle in one cell to a similar bundle in another cell
What are desmosomes
Joins the intermediate filaments in one cell to a Neighbour
What are gap junctions
Allows passage of small water soluble ions and molecules
Put in order of smallest to largest and give their size: intermediate filaments, microtubules, microfilaments
Microfilaments - 5nm
Intermediate filaments - 10nm
Microtubules - 25nm
What is the cytoskeleton
Supports the cells shape
Contains microfilaments, intermediate filaments and microtubules
