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Stage 1 Biology > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

1
Q

What are the difference between plant and animal cells?

A

Plant cells have chloroplast which help with creating energy and photosynthesis. Animal cells do not need chloroplasts yet they have many more mitochondria. Plant cells also have a cell wall while animal cells do not.

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2
Q

Name the organelles of a cell?

A

Cell wall, cell membrane, vacuole, neculous, nucleolous, neclear membrane, chlorplast, mitochondria, cytoplasm, centrsome, rough endoplasmicrecticulum, smooth endoplasmicrecticulum, ribosomes, golgi body

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3
Q

What is the function of… cell wall

A

Holds the cell together

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4
Q

What is the function of… cell membrane

A

Provides protection for the cell

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5
Q

What is the function of… vacuole

A

Stores water

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6
Q

What is the function of… necleous

A

The brain of the cell

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7
Q

What is the function of… nucleolous

A

Stores DNA

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8
Q

What is the function of… neclear membrane

A

Keeps the chromosomes seperate from the rest of the cell

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9
Q

What is the function of… chloroplast

A

Allows photosynthesis and creates energy

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10
Q

What is the function of… mitochondria

A

The powerhouse of the cell

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11
Q

What is the function of… cytoplasm

A

Fluid that protects the organelles

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12
Q

What is the function of… centrsomes

A

Organises the equal distribution of chromosomes

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13
Q

What is the function of… rough EPR

A

Holds protines

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14
Q

What is the function of… smooth EPR

A

Creates and stores lipids

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15
Q

What is the function of… ribosomes

A

Preforms protine synthesis

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16
Q

What is the function of… golgi body

A

Packages protines

17
Q

Name the difference between passive and active transport?

A

Active transport requires an input of energy passive does not.
Passive is from high to low concentration, active is from low to high.
Active transport uses a protein pump while passive transport uses the permeable membrane section of the membrane.

18
Q

What is diffission?

A

The passive transport of low to high concentration until it reaches an even concentration is called diffission. small uncharged molecules are exchanged across the membrane through diffssion.

19
Q

What are Endocytosis and Exocytosis?

A

Exocytosis - things exiting the cell; eg excertion

Endocytosis - entering the cell - splits membrane and folds over

20
Q

Cell size and SA:V - what does this mean?

A

The suface area to volume ratio describes the relationship between a cell and its surface area and volume. The smaller an object/cell is the larger the surface area : volume ratio is. That makes cells super efficient with it’s transfer of substances through the surface/membrane area.

When a cell grows the ratio of surface area to volume decreases. This causes the cell to have a lesser ability to exchange materials as it is more ideal for a cell to exchange material when it has a larger surface area to volume ratio.

E.g. A 2cm cube has the surface area to volume ratio 3:1, a 1 cm cube is 6:1. shows the smaller the object the larger the surface to volume ratio is.

21
Q

What effects bacterial growth?

A 
Nutrition concentration.
Temperature.
Gaseous concentration.
pH.
Ions and salt concentration.
Available water.
22
Q

PROKARYOTIC

A

Lack a cell membrane and do not have a nucleus. Usually have a single circular chromosome. E.g bacteria

23
Q

EUKARYOTIC

A

Have a cell membrane/wall and nucleus. Exists as single cells or are unicellular. E.g plant and animal cells.

24
Q

Describe two differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

A

prokaryotes are:

  • No nucleus
  • slightly smaller
  • no membrane bound organelles
25
Q

What is osmosis?

A

The passive movement of water from a low solute region to a high solute region across a selectively pereable membrane is osomsis

26
Q

What is a selectivly pereable membrane?

A

A membrane that lets some things through but not others; Two properties that determine the selectively permeable membrane is the lipid nature of the membrane and the proteins which are embedded in the lipid bilayer

27
Q

AUTOTROPH

A

Energy from light to synthesise

28
Q

HETEROTROPH

A

energy from chemicals

29
Q

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

A

The process of turning light into energy; done by chloroplasts in plant cells

carbon dioxide + water = glucose + oxygen

30
Q

RESPIRATION

A

aerobic breathing; oxygen + glucose = water and carbon dioxide

31
Q

What are example of excertion?

A

Urea and carbon dioxide

Stage 1 Biology (2 decks)

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