Cells Flashcards
(31 cards)
What are the difference between plant and animal cells?
Plant cells have chloroplast which help with creating energy and photosynthesis. Animal cells do not need chloroplasts yet they have many more mitochondria. Plant cells also have a cell wall while animal cells do not.
Name the organelles of a cell?
Cell wall, cell membrane, vacuole, neculous, nucleolous, neclear membrane, chlorplast, mitochondria, cytoplasm, centrsome, rough endoplasmicrecticulum, smooth endoplasmicrecticulum, ribosomes, golgi body
What is the function of… cell wall
Holds the cell together
What is the function of… cell membrane
Provides protection for the cell
What is the function of… vacuole
Stores water
What is the function of… necleous
The brain of the cell
What is the function of… nucleolous
Stores DNA
What is the function of… neclear membrane
Keeps the chromosomes seperate from the rest of the cell
What is the function of… chloroplast
Allows photosynthesis and creates energy
What is the function of… mitochondria
The powerhouse of the cell
What is the function of… cytoplasm
Fluid that protects the organelles
What is the function of… centrsomes
Organises the equal distribution of chromosomes
What is the function of… rough EPR
Holds protines
What is the function of… smooth EPR
Creates and stores lipids
What is the function of… ribosomes
Preforms protine synthesis
What is the function of… golgi body
Packages protines
Name the difference between passive and active transport?
Active transport requires an input of energy passive does not.
Passive is from high to low concentration, active is from low to high.
Active transport uses a protein pump while passive transport uses the permeable membrane section of the membrane.
What is diffission?
The passive transport of low to high concentration until it reaches an even concentration is called diffission. small uncharged molecules are exchanged across the membrane through diffssion.
What are Endocytosis and Exocytosis?
Exocytosis - things exiting the cell; eg excertion
Endocytosis - entering the cell - splits membrane and folds over
Cell size and SA:V - what does this mean?
The suface area to volume ratio describes the relationship between a cell and its surface area and volume. The smaller an object/cell is the larger the surface area : volume ratio is. That makes cells super efficient with it’s transfer of substances through the surface/membrane area.
When a cell grows the ratio of surface area to volume decreases. This causes the cell to have a lesser ability to exchange materials as it is more ideal for a cell to exchange material when it has a larger surface area to volume ratio.
E.g. A 2cm cube has the surface area to volume ratio 3:1, a 1 cm cube is 6:1. shows the smaller the object the larger the surface to volume ratio is.
What effects bacterial growth?
Nutrition concentration. Temperature. Gaseous concentration. pH. Ions and salt concentration. Available water.
PROKARYOTIC
Lack a cell membrane and do not have a nucleus. Usually have a single circular chromosome. E.g bacteria
EUKARYOTIC
Have a cell membrane/wall and nucleus. Exists as single cells or are unicellular. E.g plant and animal cells.
Describe two differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
prokaryotes are:
- No nucleus
- slightly smaller
- no membrane bound organelles
