Cells

Question 1

What is a cell?

Answer 1

A cell is a unit of life [1] that consists of a mass of living matter called protoplasm [1].

Question 2

What does protoplasm consist of ?

Answer 2

It consist of nucleus, cytoplasm and cell surface membrane.

Question 3

What does longitudinal section mean when viewing cells?

Answer 3

It means viewing the cell along the length of it.

Question 4

Define organelles?

Answer 4

Organelle are discrete structure within a cell [1], and has specific functions [1].

Question 5

Explain why cells are said to be the building blocks of life?

Answer 5

Because they are the simplest units [1] that carry out life processes such as respiration, excretion, growth and division [1].

Question 6

What is the main constituent in the protoplasm of a cell?

Answer 6

Water

Question 7

Biggest to smallest organelles in the cell.

Answer 7

Nuclues, chloroplasts, mitochondria and Ribosomes.

Question 8

What is the function of the vacuole?

Answer 8

Stores substances in cell such as food and water.

Question 9

How would you describe vacuole in a animal cell and plant cell?

Answer 9

Animal cell:
small, numerous and temporary

Plant cell:
one large and central

Question 10

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Answer 10

It is a partially permeable membrane [1] which controls substances moving in and out of the cell.

Feature: partially permeable membrane

Question 11

Why is the cell membrane partially permeable?

Answer 11

This is to maintain a chemical balance with its surrounding medium.

Question 12

In plant cells, what is cell wall made of? Explain it’s importance as a result.

Answer 12

The cell wall is made of cellulose. [1].
As such, the cell wall is rigid and can act as an important internal support for the plant such as the prevention of cell lysis. [1]

Question 13

What is the function of the cytoplasm?

Answer 13

It is the site where chemical reactions take place in the cell.

Question 14

How would you describe the cytpoplasm in the cell?

Answer 14

It is jelly-like, containing water, enzymes and many other substances.

Question 15

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 15

The nucleus control cell activities such as cell division and growth of the cell.

Question 16

How would you describe the nucleus in a cell?

Answer 16

The nucleus contains genetic materials and is the largest organelle in an animal cell.

Question 17

What are the part/ structure present in a animal cell?

Answer 17

-Cell membrane
-cytoplasm
-vacuole
-nucleus
-Centriole
-mitochondria
-endoplasmic reticulum [RER/ SER]
-golgi apparatus
-ribosomes

Question 18

What is the function of the centriole?

Answer 18

The centriole help with cell division in the cell.

Question 19

What are the structures found inside a plant cell?

Answer 19

-Cell wall
Cell membrane
-Large Central Vacuole
-Nucleus
-cytoplasm
-mitochondria
-ribosomes
-endoplasmic reticulum [RER/SER]

Question 20

What does the large central vacuole in plant cell contain?

Answer 20

cell sap.

Cell sap: a solution of water, some sugar and mineral salts. It keeps the cell firm or turgid by taking in water.

Question 21

What is the function of the chloroplast?

Answer 21

Chloroplasts absorbs sunlight from the sun and convert it to chemical energy (stored in food) during photosynthesis.

Question 22

What are the structures present in both plant and animal cells?

Answer 22

Cytoplam, nucleus and plasma membrane.

Question 23

Are animal cell’s vacuole temporary?

Answer 23

yes

Question 24

It has been observed that nucleus contain alot of pores. What is the reason for it to have such adaptations?

Answer 24

It is to speed up the movement of molecules between nucleus and cytoplasm, and between cytoplasm and nucleus (such as portein, ATP and hormones).

Question 25

What are the structure of animal cells seen under electron microscope?

Answer 25

Gogi Apparatus, ribosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrion and smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 26

Which part of the structure of a root hair cell is the site of uptake of water?

Answer 26

Cell membrane.

Question 27

What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 27

It synthesizes fats and steroids.

Question 28

Describe the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

Answer 28

It is made up of layers of membrane folded through the cytoplasm of a cell forming complex inner surfaces.

Question 29

What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 29

It transports proteins made by the riobosomes to the golgi apparatus for secretion.

Question 30

Describe the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Answer 30

It is continuous with the outer membrane of the nucleus and has ribosomes attached.

Question 31

What is the function of the mitochondria?

Answer 31

It is the site where aerobic respiration occurs to allow cell activities such as cell division and growth to occur in the cell.

Question 32

What is the function of the ribosomes?

Answer 32

It synthesizes proteins in the cell.

Question 33

What is the function of the golgi apparatus? [2]

Answer 33

It modifies substances made by endoplasmic reticulum. [1] It stores and packages substances made from ER in vesicles for secretion out of the cell. [1]

Question 34

Describe the golgi apparatus.

Answer 34

It consists of stacks of flattened membranous sacs and vesicles.

Question 35

What are antibodies made up of?

Answer 35

proteins

Question 36

What are the structures with single membrane?

Answer 36

cell membrane, vacuole, endoplasmic reticulum and golgi apparatus.

Question 37

What are the structures with double membrane?

Answer 37

Mitochondrion, chloroplast and nucleus.

Question 38

What is the process called when a cell becomes specialised for its function?

Answer 38

differentiation

Question 39

What is the adaptation of a root hair cell? Explain its functions.

Answer 39

It has long and narrow extensions. This increases the surface area to volume ratio which increases the rate of absorption of water and mineral salts.

Question 40

State the functions of the xylem vessels.

Answer 40

a) transport water and mineral salts b) provide mechanical support to the planr

Question 41

what are the structures/ adaptations of the xylem vessels that allows it to transport water and mineral salts?

Answer 41

Xylem vessels have dead cells with long hollow tubes, without cross walls, and do not have protoplasm. This allows the transport of water upwards easily and quickly without resistance to flow.

Question 42

What are the structures/ adaptations of the xylem vessles which allows it to provide mechanical support to the plant?

Answer 42

Xylem walls deposited with lignin. The wall is thickened to prevent the collapse of xylem vessels.

Question 43

What are tissues?

Answer 43

They are a group of similar cells performing specific functions.

Question 44

What are complex tissues? Give an example and state why.

Answer 44

They are different types of cells coming together. Red blood cells. They are complex tissues which consist of red blood cells, white blood cells and plasma etc.

Question 45

What are organs?

Answer 45

The are several tissues working together to perform a specific function.

Question 46

What are organ systems?

Answer 46

Organ systems are several organs working together for a common function.

Question 47

Why is cell division important?

Answer 47

It is important for growth, repair, and reproduction of organism. Without having an organised structure to function in the cell, it can cause the cell to malfunction and die.