Cells

Question 1

3 main parts of cells

Answer 1

Cell membrane
Nucleus
Organelles

Question 2

Name all the organelles

Answer 2

Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Lysosomes
Centrosomes

Question 3

Structure of cell membrane

Answer 3

Phospholipid bilayer
Proteins
Selectively permeable

Question 4

Specialised transports into the cell membrane

Answer 4

Pores
Simple diffusion
Facilitated diffusion
Active transport

Question 5

Function of cell membrane

Answer 5

Surround cell
Controls substances that enter/exit
Divides internal structure of cell from ext.

Question 6

Structure of nucleus

Answer 6

Double membrane
Contains nuclueolus
Contains DNA

Question 7

Functions of nucleus

Answer 7

Information centre of cell
Carries info for protein synthesis

Question 8

Function of nucleolus

Answer 8

Manutfacture ribosomes

Question 9

Difference between cytoplasm and cytosol

Answer 9

Cytoplasm = all contents within cell membrane
Cytosol = fluid everything inside cell floats around in

Question 10

What does DNA stand for?

Answer 10

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 11

Structure of mitochondria

Answer 11

Smooth outer membrane
Highly folded inner membrane (increased surface area)
Found in cells = active (skeletal muscle)

Question 12

Function of mitochondria

Answer 12

Cellular respiration
Stores ATP Adeonosine Triphosphate

Question 13

Where are ribosomes found?

Answer 13

Floating around the cytoplasm
or attached to RER

Question 14

Function of ribosomes?

Answer 14

Synthesis protein for the cell

Question 15

Structure of endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 15

Network of membrane-lined interconnected tubes and cavities in the cytoplasm

Question 16

Rough ER

Answer 16

Ribosomes attached to surface
Transports proteins (after they were synthesised by ribosomes)

Question 17

Smooth ER

Answer 17

No ribosomes
Synthesise and transport lipids and steroids

Question 18

Golgi apparatus

Answer 18

Flattened sacs
Modifies proteins - adds carbs\
Helps form lysosomes

Question 19

Lysosomes

Answer 19

Membrane-bound sace
Contain lysozymes/ digestive enzymes
Digest materials in cell - phagocytosis

Question 20

Centrosome

Answer 20

Each has a pair of rod like structures aka centrioles arranged perpendicular to each other
Help with cell division during mitosis

Question 21

Cilia and flagella

Answer 21

Extensions of plasma membrane on some cells
Cilia: move fluid (mucus and debris) to surface
Flagella: single and longer than cilia (tail of a spermatozoon)

Question 22

Endocytosis

Answer 22

Materials taken in the cell

Question 23

Exocytosis

Answer 23

Materials taken out of cell

Question 24

2 types of endocytosis

Answer 24

Phagocytosis
Pinocytosis

Question 25

Process of endocytosis

Answer 25

Cell surface folds to make small pocket lined by cell membrane Pocket seals off to make vesicle which has material brought inside Separates from cell surface Fuses with lysosomes Digest the vesicle contents

Question 26

Fluid distribution in the body

Answer 26

Intracellular fluid 67% Extracellular fluid 33%

Question 27

Intracellular fluid

Answer 27

67% Fluid in the cells Cytosol

Question 28

Extracellular fluid

Answer 28

33% Fluid outside of cells Made up of: Interstitial fluid (80%), plasma (20%), Transcellular Fluid (1%)

Question 29

Interstitial fluid

Answer 29

Makes up for 80% of extracellular fluid Forced out of capillaries by hydrostatic pressure

Question 30

Hydrostatic pressure

Answer 30

Force generated by a fluid Movement of water from area of high pressure to lower pressure Fluid moving from capillaries to interstitial space

Question 31

Osmosis

Answer 31

Movement of water from higher concentration to lower concentration through cells' partically permeable membrane Fluid movement between intracellular fluid and interstitial fluid