Tissues

Question 1

Function of epithelial tissue

Answer 1

Protect
Absorb
Secrete

Question 2

Function of connective tissue

Answer 2

Connect
Support
Transport nutrients
Conduct waste material

Question 3

Function of muscle tissue

Answer 3

Brings movement

Question 4

Function of nervous tissue

Answer 4

Conduct nerve impulses
Coordinates response

Question 5

Function of simple cuboidal epithelium

Answer 5

Lines glands and their ducts
Absorb or secrete

Question 6

Example of location of simple cuboidal epithelium

Answer 6

Lining renal tubules

Question 7

Simple squamous epithelium

Answer 7

Thin and delicate
In areas that need to be easily permeable to molecules like O2
e.g. lining of blood vessels & alveoli

Question 8

Simple columnar epithelium

Answer 8

Absorptive function (intestines)
Secretory function (digestive function)

Question 9

Ciliated epithelium

Answer 9

More specialised with cilia
URT
Uterine tubes

Question 10

Stratified epithelium

Answer 10

Areas where wear and friction
e.g. epidermis of skin

Question 11

Pseudostratified epithelium

Answer 11

Trachea

Question 12

Transitional epithelium

Answer 12

Specialised
Urinary system
Can distend

Question 13

Glandular tissue

Answer 13

Modified epithelium tissue
Protective or secretory
Can be unicellular/ multicellular

Question 14

Unicellular glands

Answer 14

Individual secretory cells
Most common cell: goblet cell (secretes mucus)
e.g. oral cavity & vagina

Question 15

Multicellular glands

Answer 15

Many secretory cells

Question 16

What is haemopoeitic tissue?

Answer 16

Connective tissue
Forms bone marrow within long bones
Helps form blood cells

Question 17

Aeroloar tissue

Answer 17

Connective tissue
aka Loose connective tissue
Most widely spread
e.g. beneath skin, around BV
2 protein fibre: collagen (secreted by fibroblast) & elastic fibres
Fat cells also can b there
Has macrophages (phagocytosis)

Question 18

Adipose tissue

Answer 18

Matrix has mostly fat-filled cells close together
Energy reserve
In dermis of skin: insulates body (less heat loss)
Protective function: e.g. kidney

Question 19

Dense connective tissue

Answer 19

aka Fibrous connective tissue
Densely packed collagen fibres
Few fibroblasts
2 arrangements: parallel/regular (e.g. tendons)
or Irregular (e.g. dermis of skin/ capsules of joints)

Question 20

Cartilage

Answer 20

Specialised connective tissue
Rigid, but flexible and resilient
MUO chondrocytes and fibres
No blood supply
Gets nutrients from fibrous sheath/ perichondrium
3 types of cartilage: hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage

Question 21

Hyaline cartilage

Answer 21

Most common in body
Translucent. bluish-white
Random arrangement of fibres
e.g. articular surfaces of joins & support in nose, larynx, trachea & bronchi
Also skeleton of embryo b4 ossified during endochondral ossification

Question 22

Elastic cartilage

Answer 22

Has Chondrocytes & elastic fibres
Where support with flexibility is needed e.g. external ear/ epiglottis

Question 23

Fibrocartilage

Answer 23

Higher collagen fibres e.g. intervertebral discs & menisci of stifle joint
Attaches the tendons and ligaments to bone

Question 24

Bone

Answer 24

Living tissue Can repair MUO extracellular matrix that contains protein osteoconectin & collagen fibres = osteoid (unmineralised) Crystals of insoluble calcium phosphate are deposited as bone tissue becomes calcified

Question 25

Lacunae

Answer 25

Spaces in bones where osteocytes are found

Question 26

What runs through bone matrix?

Answer 26

Fine channels called Haversian canals

Question 27

What surrounds haversian canals?

Answer 27

Concentric cylinders of matrix materials called lamellae & osteocytes within the lacunae

Question 28

What cover the outer surface of all types of bone?

Answer 28

Periosteum - fibrous membrane

Question 29

2 types of bone tissue

Answer 29

Compact bone: on outer layer of all bones. Cancellous/ spongy bone: internal meshwork of bony struts/ trabeculae with interconnected spaces between with Red bone marrow

Question 30

Where is cancellous bone found?

Answer 30

Ends of long bones Core of short irregular & flat bones

Question 31

Skeletal/ striated muscle

Answer 31

Voluntary Muscle cells = long, cylindrical & parallel MUO myofibrils which are 2 contractile proteins (actin and myosin) Several nuclei

Question 32

Smooth muscle

Answer 32

Involuntary Unstriated Visceral E.g. walls of BV, digestive tract Autonomic nervous system Long and spindle-shaped 1 nucleus

Question 33

Cardiac muscle

Answer 33

Forms myocardium Involuntary Striated 1 nucleus Intercalated discs

Question 34

Nervous tissue

Answer 34

Main cell = neuron Neuron: cell body, dendrons, axon Dendron: message to cell Axon: messages away Myelin = fatty materials which covers axons. Formed by Schwann cells - increases speed