Cells

Question 1

What are the three parts of the “cell theory”?

Answer 1

• Cells are the basic structural and functional unit of life
• All cells come from pre-existing cells
• All living organisms are made up of one kr more cells

Question 2

Differences and similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

Answer 2

PROKARYOTIC
- DNA floats freely
- No membrane-bound organelles
- Small and simple
- Bacteria
- Unicellular
BOTH
- Cell membrane and/or cell wall
- Cytoplasm
- Ribosomes
EUKARYOTIC
- DNA in nucleus
- Membrane-bound organelles
- Large and complex
- Plants and animals
- Multicellular

Question 3

What are the common properties of all cells?

Answer 3

• Have a cell membrane and/or wall
• Have a cytoplasm
• Have ribosomes
• Have DNA

Question 4

Nucleus Function

Answer 4

Contains most of the cells genetic material, which regulates the activities of the cell

Question 5

Is the Nucleus found in animals, plants or both?

Answer 5

Both

Question 6

Ribosome Function

Answer 6

Synthesis of proteins

Question 7

Are ribosomes found in animals, plants or both?

Answer 7

Both

Question 8

Function of Rough ER

Answer 8

Folding and modification of proteins

Question 9

Function of Smooth ER

Answer 9

Synthesis and modification of lipids

Question 10

Are smooth and rough ER found in animals, plants or both?

Answer 10

Both

Question 11

What does ER stand for?

Answer 11

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 12

Function of Cytoplasm

Answer 12

Site of cellular activities and chemical reactions

Question 13

Is cytoplasm found in animals, plants or both?

Answer 13

Both

Question 14

What is the liquid found in the cytoplasm called?

Answer 14

Cytosol

Question 15

What is cytosol?

Answer 15

The liquid found in the cytoplasm

Question 16

Where is ER located?

Answer 16

Around the nucleus

Question 17

Function of vacuole

Answer 17

Store water, minerals and ions, give plant cells rigid shapes

Question 18

Are vacuoles for in animals, plants or both?

Answer 18

Both but, in plants they are larger and have a different function

Question 19

Function of lysosome

Answer 19

Break down old cells and organelles

Question 20

Are lysosomes found in animals, plants or both?

Answer 20

Both

Question 21

Where are lysosomes formed?

Answer 21

Golgi Apparatus

Question 22

Function of Golgi Apparatus

Answer 22

Packaging and transport of molecules through cells in vesticles

Question 23

Are golgi apparatus found in animals, plants or both?

Answer 23

Both

Question 24

Function of the cell membrance

Answer 24

Creates a barrier around the cell to control what enters and exits the cell

Question 25

Is the cell membrane found in animals, plants or both?

Answer 25

Both

Question 26

Function of the cell wall

Answer 26

To protect the cell, maintain cell shape and prevent excessive water uptake

Question 27

Is the cell wall found in animals, plants or both?

Answer 27

Plants

Question 28

Function of mitochondria

Answer 28

The site of cellular respiration (makes energy)

Question 29

Are mitochondria in animals, plants or both?

Answer 29

Both

Question 30

Function of chloroplast

Answer 30

Site of photosynthesis (uses the sun to make glucose/sugar)

Question 31

Are chloroplast found in animals, plants or both?

Answer 31

Plants

Question 32

Explain how the golgi, ER and ribosomes work together within a cell

Answer 32

Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis. They work with the rough ER as this is where synthesised proteins are modified and transported in a cell. If synthesised proteins need to be packaged into a vesticle to be transported within or out of the cell, this occurs in the golgi.

Question 33

Describe prokaryotic cells

Answer 33

- Simpler and smaller than eukaryotic cells - Lack membrane bound organelles - DNA is not in a nucleus

Question 34

Example of a prokaryote

Answer 34

Bacteria

Question 35

Example of a eukaryote

Answer 35

Animal, plant

Question 36

Describe eukaryotic cells

Answer 36

Complex, large and have membrane bound organelles

Question 37

Function of vesicles

Answer 37

Transport cell products to cell membrane

Question 38

Why do plants need a cell wall and larger vacuole, but not animals?

Answer 38

Because plants need a cell wall and large vacuole to form the shape of organism. Animals have bones which form their shape

Question 39

What is the function of the nucleolus?

Answer 39

Synthesis of ribosomal RNA and assembly of ribosomal subunits