Cells

Question 1

Cell membrane structure

Answer 1

Phospholipid bilayer (hydrophilic phosphate head + hydrophobic lipid tails + cholesterol to support the membrane structure): Fluid Mosaic Model

Question 2

Cell membrane function

Answer 2

It protects the cell as a physical barrier, supports the cell’s structure, regulates movement in and out of the cell, detecting changes in the environment.

Question 3

Cytoplasm

Answer 3

Jelly-like fluid that organelles are suspended in.

Question 4

Golgi body

Answer 4

Modifies proteins and packages them in vesicles.

Question 5

Nucleus

Answer 5

Holds the DNA of the cell.

Question 6

Nucleolus

Answer 6

Makes ribosomes.

Question 7

Mitochondria

Answer 7

Makes energy in the form of ATP.

Question 8

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 8

(Dots = Rough) Surface for chemical reactions and a pathway for proteins.

Question 9

Why is a cell so small?

Answer 9

Everything a cell needs to function and all its waste must enter the cell through the cell membrane. Therefore, cells need a large surface area for it to function efficiently. Nutrients and waste products must be moved around quickly in the inside of the cell which a small volume allows.

Therefore, cells require a larger surface area compared to their volume.

Question 10

Osmosis

Answer 10

Diffusion of water across a differentially permeable membrane from a region of higher water concentration to lower water concentration.

Question 11

Simple diffusion

Answer 11

Particles move in random directions from areas of high concentration to low concentration until equilibrium is reached.

Question 12

Carrier mediated diffusion

Answer 12

Na/K pump is an example; active or passive. Done through a carrier protein

Question 13

Active transport

Answer 13

Transport requires ATP because it goes from low concentration to high concentration.

Question 14

Endocytosis

Answer 14

In to the cell.

Question 15

Exocytosis

Answer 15

Out of the cell.

Question 16

What can move into the cell through diffusion?

Answer 16

Fat solubles (can diffuse through lipid portion) and small.
Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide (must be a difference in concentration)

Question 17

Channel Proteins

Answer 17

Like a straw; it can let small, water-soluble ions in and out of cells.

Allows for simple diffusion

Question 18

Ribosomes

Answer 18

Make proteins.

Question 19

Vesicles

Answer 19

Transports “things” out of the cell.

Question 20

Lysosome

Answer 20

Produces chemicals to destroy worn-out organelles

Question 21

Carrier proteins

Answer 21

Open and close as things move through like an elevator door; lets bigger molecules move in and out of cells.

Question 22

Concentration gradient

Answer 22

Particles moving from an area of high concentration to low concentration.

The greater the difference between the concentrations, the steeper the concentration gradient and the faster the rate of diffusion.

Question 23

What is it called when an area’s diffusion is complete?

Answer 23

Equilibrium

Question 24

What are passive processes?

Answer 24

Does not require energy
- Osmosis
- Diffusion

Question 25

Is carrier-mediated transport passive or active?

Answer 25

Both/Or

Question 26

Is vesicular transport active or passive?

Answer 26

Active

Question 27

What is a cell membrane?

Answer 27

Differentially permeable, semipermeable, or selectively permeable.

Question 28

What does the concentration of water (solvent) mean for Osmosis?

Answer 28

Solutes can't pass through the membrane but take up space in a solvent. Water will diffuse by osmosis to make the concentration of water the same on both sides of the membrane.

Question 29

Vesicular transport?

Answer 29

Transport of substances across the cell membrane in little pockets called vesicles (made from phospholipid bilayer)

Question 30

Pinocytosis

Answer 30

Liquid transports into the cell.

Question 31

Phagocytosis

Answer 31

Solid transports into the cell.