Cells Flashcards
(24 cards)
prokaryotes
small cells that make single-cell organisms
homeostasis
The tendency of organisms and cells to maintain stable internal conditions.
Exocytosis
the process of a vesicle pushing material out of a cell
endocytosis
the process of bringing material into a vesicle inside a cell
phospholipid bilayer
the fabric of the cell membrane
Eukaryotes
large cells that make multi-cellular organisms
cell membrane
a barrier between the interior and exterior of the cell
cytoskeleton
support and a framework for the cell
Ribosomes
uses instructions in DNA to build proteins needed by cell
Organelles
partition inside a cell to carry out specific function
Nucleus
compartment inside eukaryotic cell holding DNA
nucleoid region
compartment in prokaryotic cell holding DNA
cell wall
a layer outside the membrane giving structure and support
nuclear envelope
double-layered membrane surrounding nucleus
cytoplasm
between nucleus and cell membrane, where the work takes place
mitochondria
fuels work by converting sugar to ATP
Chloroplasts
capture energy from sun and convert into sugar molecules
endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
- Rough ER assists the ribosomes in protein production
- Smooth ER synthesize lipids
Golgi apparatus
delivers proteins to different parts of the cell
Vesicles
assist with transport; fuse with membrane to empty contents into the organelles.
Vacuoles
Used for storage
simple diffusion
random movement of molecules from areas of high to low concentration
facilitated diffusion
aided movement of large and polarized molecules from areas of high to low concentration
active transport
the act of cells moving molecules uphill against the gradient
