Cells Flashcards
(24 cards)
0
Q
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
A
- Amateur scientist who made microscopes
- Hooke’s book Micrographia got him interested in the microscopic world
- His lenses magnified over 200 times
- Observed life in a drop of pond water
- Was one of the first people to observe and record microbes
1
Q
Robert Hooke
A
- English scientist
- Believed all good science am from observation or what you could see -Authored a book Micrographia (1665), he made detailed drawing if what he saw in the microscope
- Most famous drawing is of the bark of a cork oak tree
- He noticed what looked like little “rooms” so he called these “cells”, another word for rooms
- Discovery had a major impact on science but not for 200 years
2
Q
Matthias Shleiden
A
- Main focus was plants under a microscope
- Based on his studies, in 1838 he suggested that all plants were made up of cells
- Just like houses were made up of bricks, plants were made up of cells
3
Q
Microbes
A
Creatures that are too small to be seen with the un-aided human eye. Some of them cause disease.
4
Q
Theodore Schwann
A
- Friends with Shleiden
- Studied animals mainly
- In 1839 (a year after Shleiden proposed his theory) he suggested that animals too were made up of cells
- Because if their work, they are credited with developing the cell theory that: all living things are made up of cells
5
Q
Karl Seibold
A
- Suggested that microbes were also made up of cells
- Specifically, that they were made up of one cell
- Thought that organisms were made up I’d single-celled microbes-this was wrong
- He was right about microbes being made up of the same material as animals and plants
6
Q
Rudolph Virchow
A
Suggested that microbes were also made up of cells
- Specifically, that they were made up of one cell
- Thought that organisms were made up I’d single-celled microbes-this was wrong
- He was right about microbes being made up of the same material as animals and plants
7
Q
Theory Of Spontaneous Generation
A
- Scientists used to believe in spontaneous generation - that living things could grow form non-living things
- Ex. - the idea that plants grow from soil (not from seeds or cuttings from plants)
- Experiment - set out three flasks of meat. One open, one sealed completely, and one covered in gauze
- Maggots only appeared in the open flask where the flies could land and lay their eggs
- Louis Pasteur ran a famous experiment in 1859
- Put yeast, sugar, water, in flasks
- Heated the necks of the flasks and bent the into a- shapes
- Air could get into the flasks, but gravity kept microbes out - they settled in the S-curves
- Boiled the flasks to kill any existing microbes
- As expected, no microbes grew in the flasks
- When he broke the s-shaped necks and exposed the mixtures to the air, microbes grew
8
Q
Cells
A
Basic units of structures and function in living things- forms the parts of an organisms- carry out all its functions
9
Q
Cell Function
A
- Functions- the process that enable organisms to live, grow , reproduce- include obtaining (get) oxygen, food, water- getting rid if wastes
- Diff. Cells have diff. Functions
- For each cell to live, it must carry out same functions as entire organism
10
Q
The Cell Theory (CT)
A
- All living things are composed of cells
- Cells are basic units of structure and function in living things
- All cells are produced from other cells
- CT holds true for all organisms - no matter how large/small
11
Q
Cell Wall (CW)
A
- Rigid layer, surrounds PLANT cells (and some other organisms)
- Protects/Supports cell
- Made of strong material - cellulose
- Many materials can pass through CW like H20, O2
12
Q
Mitochondria
A
- Floating in cytoplasm
- Rod-shaped
- Nickname- powerhouse
- Convert food energy into usable energy so the cell can live
13
Q
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
A
- Looks like a maze of passageways
- Membranes that produce many things
- Some ribosomes are attached to the ER - ER helps ribosomes make protein
- New proteins leave ER and head to golgi apparatus
14
Q
Golgi Apparatus
A
- Looks like flattened sacs and tubes
- Collects protein from ER
- Packages them - then distributes them to other parts of the cell or outside the cell
15
Q
Vacuole
A
- Mainly in plant cells (some animals have too)
- Large, water- filled sac
- Stores food, water, other materials
- Stores waste until they’re removed
16
Q
Chloroplasts
A
- Found in plant cells, not in animal cells, but also in some other organisms
- Captures sun’s energy, turns it into energy for the cell to use
- Makes leaves green
17
Q
Cell Membrane
A
- Controls what passes into/out of cell
- Screen - size matters
- Food, water, 02 enters through CM
- Wastes leave through CM
- All cells have CMs- plants-just inside cell wall- animals - form border between cell/environment
18
Q
Nucleus
A
- Controls what passes into/out of cell
- Screen - size matters
- Food, water, 02 enters through CM
- Wastes leave through CM
- All cells have CMs- plants-just inside cell wall- animals - form border between cell/environment
19
Q
Ribosomes
A
- Small, grain-shaped organelles
- Produce proteins (protein is important to cells)
- Some are attached to ER
- Some float freely in cytoplasm
20
Q
Cytoplasm
A
- Most of cell filled with this
- Thick, clear, gel-like
- Between cell membrane and nucleus
- Moves constantly
- Carries nucleus and other organelles
21
Q
Lysosomes
A
- Saclike organelle in ANIMAL CELLS only
- Contain substances that break large food particles into small ones
- Break down old cell parts, releases those substances to be used again
- Recycling centers
22
Q
Cytoplasm
A
- Most of cell filled with this
- Thick, clear, gel-like
- Between cell membrane and nucleus
- Moves constantly
- Carries nucleus and other organelles
23
Q
Lysosomes
A
- Saclike organelle in ANIMAL CELLS only
- Contain substances that break large food particles into small ones
- Break down old cell parts, releases those substances to be used again
- Recycling centers
