Cells Flashcards
(26 cards)
Why do we need microscopes to study cells?
Because cells are microscopic — too small to be seen with the naked eye. Microscopes magnify them so we can observe their structure.
What are the two main types of microscopes?
Light microscopes and electron microscopes.
What does a microscope do?
A microscope produces a magnified image of an object, allowing us to see things not visible to the naked eye.
How much can a light microscope magnify?
Typically between 10 and 400 times real size.
How much can an electron microscope magnify?
Tens of thousands of times actual size.
How do you calculate the actual size of a cell from a magnified image?
Actual size = Length in image (Z) ÷ magnification.
Example: If Z = 5 mm and magnification = 100x, actual size = 5 ÷ 100 = 0.05 mm.
What is a cell?
The basic unit of life. It carries out functions necessary for living organisms.
What are cell organelles?
The structures inside a cell that carry out specific functions.
What is the function of the cell wall?
It prevents the plant cell from bursting and gives it a fixed shape.
What is the function of the cell membrane?
It controls exchange between the cell and its environment; it is selectively permeable.
What is the function of the cytoplasm?
It is the site of many of the chemical reactions of life.
What is the function of chromosomes?
They carry genetic information in the form of DNA.
What is the function of the nucleus?
It controls the activities of the cell and contains chromosomes.
What is the function of the mitochondrion?
It is the site of energy production.
What is the function of the permanent vacuole in plant cells?
It stores substances including waste and helps with water and mineral exchange.
What is the function of chloroplasts?
Chloroplasts are the site of photosynthesis in plant cells.
Do plant and animal cells have the same basic structure?
Yes, but they each have characteristics that make them distinct.
What surrounds the cytoplasm in plant cells?
Both a cell membrane and a cell wall.
What surrounds the cytoplasm in animal cells?
Only a cell membrane.
Are chloroplasts present in animal cells?
No, they are only found in plant cells.
How are carbohydrates stored in plant cells?
As starch.
How are carbohydrates stored in animal cells?
As glycogen.
Describe the vacuole in plant cells.
Most plant cells have one large, permanent vacuole with a fixed shape.
Where is the cytoplasm located in plant cells?
It is pushed to the edges by the large vacuole and usually forms a thin layer.
