Cells

Question 1

What are cells?

Answer 1

Cells are the smallest independent unit of a living thing

Question 2

Who was the first scientist to discover cells, and in what year?

Answer 2

Robert Hooke discovered cells in 1665

Question 3

What is an organism with one cell called

Answer 3

A unicellular organism

Question 4

What is a multicellular organism

Answer 4

An organism with more than one cell

Question 5

What are the parts of a plant cell

Answer 5

Cell wall, cell membrane, mitochondria, cytoplasm, chloroplast, sap vacuole, , nucleus

Question 6

What is the function of the cell wall

Answer 6

To hold the plant in shape or support it

Question 7

What is the function of the cell membrane

Answer 7

To control what goes in and out of the cell

Question 8

What is the function of the cytoplasm

Answer 8

It is the site where chemical reactions occur

Question 9

What is the function of the chloroplast

Answer 9

It makes food for the plant by trapping energy for photosynthesis

Question 10

What is the function of the sap vacuole

Answer 10

Stores food and dissolved fluids for the cell

Question 11

What are the functions of the nucleus

Answer 11

It controls the activities of the cell
It contains genetic materials called DNA

Question 12

What is the function of the mitochondria

Answer 12

It releases energy from respiration as ATP

Question 13

What does DNA stand for

Answer 13

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 14

What are specialized cells

Answer 14

These are cells that have adaptive features to perform specific functions very well

Question 15

What is the function of the root hair cell

Answer 15

To absorb water and minerals from the soil

Question 16

What is the function of the palisade mesophyll cell

Answer 16

It carries out photosynthesis and makes food or glucose for the plant

Question 17

What is the function of the sperm cell

Answer 17

To travel and fuse with an egg cell for fertilisation

Question 18

What is the function of the muscle cell

Answer 18

To help the body move

Question 19

What is the function of the nerve cell

Answer 19

It carries impulses around the body

Question 20

What is the function of the ciliated epithelial cell

Answer 20

It moves mucus with trapped dust and microorganisms away from the lungs

Question 21

What is the function of the red blood cells

Answer 21

It is to transport oxygen around the body

Question 22

What is the function of the white blood cells

Answer 22

To fight pathogens which cause disease

Question 23

What is the function of the egg cell

Answer 23

To be fertilized by the sperm cell

Question 24

How is the root hair cell adapted to its funtion

Answer 24

It has a long root hair shape to fit between grains of soil so that it can reach and absorb water
It has a large surface area for diffusion of water and minerals into the cell
No chloroplasts due to being underground

Question 25

How is the palisade cell adapted to its function

Answer 25

It has lots of chloroplasts to absorb light and provide energy for photosynthesis It has a tall long shape and large surface area to maximize the absorption of light

Question 26

How is the sperm cell adapted to its function

Answer 26

It has a long tail for movement to the egg and Lots of mitochondria to release energy for movement

Question 27

What are the adaptive features of

Answer 27

It contains bands of protein that change shape to contract and relax the muscle It contains a lot of mitochondria to provide energy for muscle contraction

Question 28

How is the nerve cell adapted to its function

Answer 28

It has branching dendrites at each end to connect to other nerves or muscles It has long fibers which allow it to carry electrical impulses

Question 29

How is the ciliated cell adapted to its function

Answer 29

It has tiny hairs called cilia to help waft the mucus along the airways It has lots of mitochondria to release energy for the cilia to move

Question 30

How is the red blood cell adapted to its function

Answer 30

It has a biconcave shape which increases the surface area for diffusion of oxygen It doesn’t have a nucleus so there is more space for hemoglobin They are small and flexible so they can move through even the smallest blood vessels

Question 31

How are white blood cells adapted to its function

Answer 31

Some can change shape to squeeze out of blood vessels and engulf pathogens Some can produce antibodies and antitoxins

Question 32

How is the egg cell adapted to its function

Answer 32

It’s cytoplasm contains nutrients for the developing embryo It’s membrane changes after fertilization to stop any more sperms getting in

Question 33

What are tissues

Answer 33

Tissues are group of similar cells working together to perform a particular function

Question 34

What is an organ system

Answer 34

A group of organs that work together to carry out the same function

Question 35

What are the 5 main organ systems

Answer 35

Respiratory, circulatory, nervous, digestive and excretory