Cells

Question 0

What organelles do animal cells contain but plant cells dont

Answer 0

Lysosome

Question 1

What organelles do both plant and animal cells share

Answer 1

Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane 
Mitochondria
Golgi
Cytoskeleton 
Nucleolus
Ribosome

Question 2

What organelles do only plant cells contain but animal cells dont

Answer 2

Cell wall
Permanent Vacuole
Chloroplasts

Question 3

Nucleus

Answer 3

Control centre of the cell, contains genetic information

Question 4

Cytoplasm

Answer 4

Liquid gel in which most of the chemical reactions take place

Question 5

Cell membrane

Answer 5

Semi-permeable controls movement of material in and out of cell

Question 6

Cell wall

Answer 6

Supports and protects plant cell

Question 7

Mitochondrion

Answer 7

The ‘powerhouse’ of the cell (produces ATP by respiration)

Question 8

Ribosome

Answer 8

Production of proteins

Question 9

Chloroplast

Answer 9

Uses energy to make food by photosynthesis

Question 10

Permanent vacuole

Answer 10

Stores food water and waste in plants

Question 11

Lysosome

Answer 11

Special type of vacuole that breaks down old cell parts and large molecules

Question 12

ER

Answer 12

Transport of chemicals and proteins within a cell

Question 13

Golgi

Answer 13

Modifies proteins to make them functional; and transports proteins within cells

Question 14

Cytoskeleton

Answer 14

Support structure within cells (skeleton); made of proteins

Question 15

Organ

Answer 15

Collection of tissues that perform a specific function within an organism
Eg liver

Question 16

Organism

Answer 16

A living being

Eg mouse

Question 17

Organelle

Answer 17

A functional structure within a cell

Eg nucleus

Question 18

Organ system

Answer 18

Collection of organs that perform a specific function within an organism
Eg digestive system

Question 19

Tissue

Answer 19

Collection of connected cells that perform a similar function within an organism
Eg muscle

Question 20

Cell

Answer 20

The structural unit of an organism may exist as an independent life
Eg blood cell

Question 21

Name a specialised cell

Answer 21

Sperm cell
Fertilisation of egg
With tail for movement, many mitochondria, genetic info

Question 22

Name a specialised cell

Answer 22

White blood cell
Destroy pathogens
Some produce antibodies, some have flexible cytoskeletons so they can change shape quickly to engulf bacteria

Question 23

Name a specialised plant cell

Answer 23

Palisade cell
Photosynthesis
Lots of chloroplasts, tightly packed, elongated

Question 24

Name a specialised plant cell

Answer 24

Root hair cell Uptake of water and material Have root hairs (increase SA), large permanent vacuole, close to xylem (water transport)

Question 25

Diffusion

Answer 25

- the movement of gases or dissolved molecules from an area with a high concentration to an area with low concentration until an equilibrium is reached - the movement of molecules down a concentration gradient - molecules (gas or dissolved) move around randomly due to kinetic energy - when an equilibrium is reached there is no net movement

Question 26

Diffusion across membranes

Answer 26

Cell membranes are selectively permeable allowing O2 and CO2 in, mostly letting glucose amino acids and iron in, but not letting larger molecules like starch and protein

Question 27

Diffusion: Concentration gradient

Answer 27

The higher the concentration gradient, the faster the rate of diffusion

Question 28

Diffusion: diffusion distance

Answer 28

The smaller the diffusion distance the faster the rate of diffusion

Question 29

Diffusion: SA

Answer 29

The larger the SA the faster the rate of diffusion

Question 30

Diffusion: temperature

Answer 30

The higher the temperature the greater the rate of diffusion as the molecules have more kinetic energy

Question 31

How does the size affect the rate of diffusion

Answer 31

Organism larger SA/V gets smaller therefore diffusion takes longer

Question 32

Define SA/V

Answer 32

The amount of surface area per unit of volume

Question 33

When is a large SA/V good

Answer 33

- gets rid of waste products quicker eg CO2 | - lose heat easily (for hot climates)

Question 34

When is a small SA/V ratio good

Answer 34

Diffusion of useful molecules (eg O2) occurs quicker

Question 35

How can an organism increase its SA/V

Answer 35

Decrease its volume/increase surface area

Question 36

Define osmosis

Answer 36

The movement if water molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration across selectively permeable membranes

Question 37

What happens when a plant cell is inside a solution with a very high sugar concentration

Answer 37

Water leaves the cell via osmosis therefore the cytoplasm and vacuole shrink and the cell becomes 'plasmolysed'

Question 38

What happens when an animal cell is put inside a solution with a very high sugar concentration

Answer 38

Water leaves the cell via osmosis therefore the cell shrinks and becomes flaccid

Question 39

What happens when a plant cell is put inside a solution with a very low sugar concentration

Answer 39

Water enters the cell via osmosis therefore the cell swells and might burst

Question 40

What happens when an animal cell is put in inside a solution with a very low sugar concentration

Answer 40

Water enters the cell via osmosis therefore the cell swells and might burst

Question 41

Osmosis summary: High solute outside Same solute outside Low solute outside

Answer 41

Shrivelled Normal Burst (lysed)

Question 42

Isotonic

Answer 42

Same concentration in osmosis | ie flaccid

Question 43

Hypotonic

Answer 43

Lower solute concentration outside the cell (high water concentration outside the cell) ie turgid

Question 44

Hypertonic

Answer 44

Higher solute concentration outside the cell ( lower water concentration outside the cell) ie plasmolyzed

Question 45

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 45

The movement of a molecule from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration with the help of a protein channel or carrier (glucose, amino acids, ions)

Question 46

Passive transport

Answer 46

The movement of molecules through cell membranes without the use of energy by the cell (diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis)

Question 47

Active transport across membranes

Answer 47

The movement of molecules through cell membranes against a concentration gradient at the cost of energy and with the help of a carrier protein (the energy for active transport comes from respiration and is stored in the form of ATP)

Question 48

Carrier protein

Answer 48

Proteins that are involved in the transportation of ions, molecules or macromolecules across a cell membrane

Question 49

Channel protein

Answer 49

Line water filled pores in the membrane so that water soluble molecules can easily pass through

Question 50

Label an animal cell

Answer 50

Bxnd

Question 51

Label a plant cell

Answer 51

Dhdj