Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PHYANA > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

(84 cards)

Start Studying
0
Q

-Lipid bilayer composed of phospholipids and cholesterol
-Controls the entry and exit of substances
“Marker molecules” enable cells to recognize one another
-make contact with each other

A

Plasma Membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Contains genetic material of cell and nucleoli

-site of ribosomes and mRNA synthesis

A

Nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Increase the surface area of the plasma membrane for absorption and secretion
-Also specializations of plasma membrane

A

Microvilli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Ribosomal RNA and proteins from large and small subunits

  • Responsible for the movement of cell
  • Site of protein synthesis
A

Ribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Cellular contents bet. plasma membrane and nucleus

-2 components: Cytosol and organelles

A

Cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Maintains cell shape, organization an integrity

A

Cytoskeleton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Smallest protein filaments

A

Microfilaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Largest protein filament

A

Microtubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the 3 protein filaments of cytoskeleton?

A

Microfilaments
Intermediate filaments
Microtubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Pericentriolar area plus paired centrioles

9+0 array of microtubules

A

Centrosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Serves as centers of organization microtubules

  • forms the mitotic spindle
  • determine cell polarity during cell division
A

Centrioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Motile cell surface projections

9+2 array

A

Cilia & Flagella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Move substances across (over the surface)

-ensure steady flow

A

Cilia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Sperm cell

Move entire cell

A

Flagella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Composed of RNA and ribosomal proteins

Subunits: 40svedberg and 60s

A

Ribosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Two types of ribosomes

A

Free and bound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Membranous network of flattened sacs and tubules

  • synthesize proteins for secretion
  • forms new membranes
  • for detoxification
A

ER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

No attached ribosomes
Stores Ca
Detoxifies harmful chemicals

A

Smooth ER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

With attached ribosomes

A

Rough ER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Modifies, sorts and transport products received by ER

A

Golgi Apparatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Membrane enclosed vesicles 40 diff kinds of hydrolytic enzymes

A

Lysosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Containes enzymes that can oxidize organic substance

  • also called microbodies
  • oxidized amino acids
A

Peroxisomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Enclosed by double membrane

-major sites of ATP synthesis when oxyges is available

A

Mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Break down proteins in the cytoplasm

-tube-like protein complex in the cytoplasm

A

Proteasomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Movement of h2o molecules from higher to lower conc
Osmosis
25
Substances transported in diffusion
``` Non-polar hydrophobic solute O and C dioxide N Fatty acids Glycerol and NH3 ```
26
Passive diffusion of a substance through plasma membrane
Diffusion through the lipid bilayer
27
``` Passive diffusion of a substance down its electrochemical gradient Some channels are open to all Transports: >Small inorganic solutes > K, Na, Cl and Ca ```
Diffusion through membrane channels
28
``` Greater to lower conc with the aid of transporter proteins Transports: >polar solutes >Glucose >Fructose >Urea ```
Facilitated diffusion
29
Movement of water and solutes through a membrane or capillary wall by hydrostatic pressure Transports containing fluid
Filtration
30
Pressure required Energy required ina form of ADP Against its conc gradient
Active Transport Processes
31
``` Solute pumps (Na and K) Transmembrane that uses ATP ```
Primary Active Transport
32
Coupled transport of 2 substances Energy is supplied by a Na or H conc gradient Anti and sym
Secondary Active Transport
33
Same direction (e.g. Glucose/amino acids into the cells)
Symporters (Secondary)
34
Opposite direction (e.g. Ca and H out of cells)
Antiporters (Secondary)
35
Small membranous sac formed by budding off from an existing membrane
Vesicle
36
Movement of substances into or out of the cell
Vesicular Transport
37
In endocytosis, what is: A) intercellular drinking B) intercellular digestion
Pinocytosis | Phagocytosis
38
In exocytosis, what is: A) Transports bacteria, viruses, aged or dead cells B) Solutes in extracellular fluid
Phagocytosis | Pinocytosis
39
Division of cell's chromosomes into w 2 new nuclei each has same amount and type of DNA -somatic
Mitosis
40
Where the cell exits
Restriction point
41
Cells that cease division | -divide or. Ot, should be decided here
G1
42
Where the cell goes when decided to exit
G0
43
Where the cell divides
Sphase
44
Very first germ cell
Primordial
45
Where cell growth continues
G1
46
Cell prepares to divide Centrioles duplicate Dispersed
Interphase
47
Chromatin condenses into chromosomes | Centrioles move to the opposite ends of the cell; nucleolus and nuclear envelope disappears
Prophase
48
Chromosomes align in the center of the cell in association w the spindle fibers
Metaphase
49
Some are attached to kinetochores in the centromere of each chromosome
Spindle fibers
50
Chromosomes come in contact w spindle fibers at centromere
Prometaphase
51
Chromatids separate Cytokinesis begins at this stage Will migrate to the opposite poles-pulled by the spindle fibers
Anaphase
52
When tubulin is removed, spindle will be shorter
Dipolimeriztion
53
Migration is completed Chromosomes unravel to become less distinct chromatid threads Divides cell into 2 New membrane forms daughter cells
Telophase
54
When fiber ring composed of a protein around the center of the cell contracts pinching the cell into 2 daughter cells each with nucleus
Cytokinesis
55
Comes before cytokinesis
Caryokinesis
56
Undergone by egg cell | Reduction (46-23)
Meiosis
57
What deploid number becomes in Meiosis 1
Haploid
58
Chromosomes are thickening and shortening
Leptotone
59
Undergoes pairing | Homologous chromosomes
Zygotene
60
Crossing over
Pachytene
61
Super coiling | Max. contraction
Diplotene
62
Cell division happens in
Early in ana, late in meta
63
Formation, maturation of male sex cells
Spermatogenesis
64
First meiotic division -- reductional in spermatogenesis
Primary spermatocyte
65
2nd meiotic div.
Secondary spermatocyte
66
First layer
Primordial cell
67
Maturation of sex cells for female
Oogenesis
68
1st meiotic div.
Primary oocyte
69
2nd meiotic div -- equational
Secondary oocyte
70
Oocyte that is smaller
Polar body
71
Second to the last
Ootid
72
Last chromosome
Oxum
73
Transfer of info DNA ➡️ RNA
Transcription
74
Transfer of info RNA ➡️ Proteins (nucleic to amino acid)
Translation
75
Sequence of 3 in mRNA
Codon
76
Sequence of 3 in tRNA
Anticodon
77
Start na ang protein synthesis
AUG
78
Protein synthesis stops
UAG , UGA , UAA
79
Chain of amino acid
Protein
80
Protein synthesis process
Codon ➡️ Anticodon ➡️ Amino acid
81
Nucleus to ribosome
MRNA
82
Amino acids ➡️ ribosome
tRNA
83
Will undergo aeriod of metamorphosis Process is spermiogenesis
Spermatids

PHYANA (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions