Cells

Question 1

rough ER

Answer 1

a system of membranes that possesses ribosomes
connected to nuclear envelope-maze
make protein and cell membrane

Question 2

Microfilaments

Answer 2

thinnest, made of protein, help cells change shape

Question 3

Intermediate fibers

Answer 3

Varied,rope-like, tension bearing

Question 4

nucleus

Answer 4

controls all functioning in the cell
contains hereditary info
contains nucleolus

Question 5

ribosome

Answer 5

carries out protein synthesis and interprets RNA code

can be attatched to ER or float

Question 6

cell wall

Answer 6

ONLY IN PLANT CELLS
Made from cellulose
provides protection

Question 7

Smooth ER

Answer 7

• NO RIBOSOMES
• lipid synthesis
• detoxifies harmful substances

Question 8

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 8

• center of “manufacturing, processing, and shipping.”

- modifies proteins are moved into their destinations

Question 9

Lysosomes

Answer 9

Small organelle with enzymes to help with digestion
Important in phagocytosis
“debris removal”

Question 10

Vacuoles

Answer 10

sacs for temporary storage

Question 11

contactile vacuole

Answer 11

pumps out excess water in single cell aquatic organsims

Question 12

central vacuole

Answer 12

found in plants for water storage

Question 13

Mitochondria

Answer 13

• release energy from stored food (cellular respiration)
• ATP made here
• Energy released by the mitochondria is used for growth, -movements, and development

Question 14

Centrioles

Answer 14

• ANIMAL CELLS ONLY

- made of microtubules and used in cell devision

Question 15

Peroxisomes

Answer 15

• contains enzymes

- can generate and degrade H2O2 to protect a cell from toxic effects

Question 16

cytoskeleton

Answer 16

• made up of microfilaments, intermediate fibers, microtubules
• extension of plasma membrane
• identical in structure to a centriole

Question 17

cytoskeleton

Answer 17

made up of microfilaments, intermediate fibers, microtubules
extension of plasma membrane
identical in structure to a centriole

Question 18

________ is before DNA coils and is usually long fibers of DNA

Answer 18

chromatin

Question 19

What would happen to the volume of a cell if it couldn’t reproduce?

Answer 19

the volume would grow faster than the surface area

Question 20

What would happen to the volume of a cell if it couldn’t reproduce?

Answer 20

the volume would grow faster than the surface area

Question 21

Scanning Microscope (SEM)

Answer 21

• sample not cut

- can view live samples/3D images

Question 22

Transmission

Answer 22

• sample needs to be cut very thin so electrons can go through it
• generally samples are not alive

Question 23

Cell Junctions: Plant Cells

Answer 23

Plasmodesmata:

tiny gaps that allow things to enter and leave

Question 24

Cell Junctions: Animal Cells

Tight Junctions

Answer 24

when you don’t want anything to pass

Question 25

Cell Junctions: Animal Cells | Anchoring Junctions

Answer 25

acts as velcro

Question 26

Cell Junctions: Animal Cells | Gap Junctions

Answer 26

when you want things to pass through

Question 27

Enyzmes are ________

Answer 27

proteins

Question 28

How do enzymes help with reactions?

Answer 28

they lower the activation energy required to start a reaction

Question 29

Enzymes are made up of what?

Answer 29

substrate, active site, competitive inhibitor

Question 30

what is a substrate?

Answer 30

substance that is acted upon by an enzyme

Question 31

what is an active site?

Answer 31

where the substrate bonds and the reaction occures

Question 32

competitive inhibitor

Answer 32

"fights" the substrate and "wins" and goes into the active site

Question 33

Noncompetitive inhibitor

Answer 33

- goes in from the "other side" and changes the shape of the active site - more permanent that a competitive inhibitor

Question 34

allosteric site

Answer 34

place where the noncompetitive inhibitor goes

Question 35

enzymes need what to work?

Answer 35

coenzyme or cofactor

Question 36

enzymes need what to work?

Answer 36

coenzyme or cofactor

Question 37

Cell Theory

Answer 37

1: All living things are made up of cells 2. Cells are the basic unit of life 3. All cells come from preexisting cells

Question 38

Passive Transport goes from [ ] to [ ] concentration

Answer 38

high to low

Question 39

Is ATP required in Passive Transport?

Answer 39

no

Question 40

Examples of Passive Transport

Answer 40

diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis

Question 41

Examples of Active Transport

Answer 41

endocytosis, phagocytosis, pinocytosis

Question 42

Active Transport goes from [ ] to [ ] concentration

Answer 42

low to high

Question 43

Active Transport goes from [ ] to [ ] concentration

Answer 43

low to high

Question 44

Definition of osmosis

Answer 44

diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane

Question 45

Hypertonic

Answer 45

- lower concentration of water outside of the cell | - water moves out of the cell --> cell will shrivel up

Question 46

Hypotonic

Answer 46

- higher concentration of water inside the cell - water movies into the cell--> cell will swell/burst - if in a plant cell: plasmolysis

Question 47

Isotonic

Answer 47

- water concentration is the same inside and outside | - no net movement of water

Question 48

Simple diffusion

Answer 48

the tendency of molecules of any substance to spread out into space

Question 49

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 49

- uses transport proteins - requires no energy - objects move from high to low

Question 50

Active Transport: Endocytosis

Answer 50

cells take in material by forming vesicles from the plasma membrane

Question 51

Exocytosis

Answer 51

cell secrete macromolecules for fusion of vesicles

Question 52

Types of endocytosis: | Phagocytosis

Answer 52

engulfs solid

Question 53

Types of endocytosis: | Receptor mediated

Answer 53

- highly specific | - receptor proteins on the cell membrane pick up particular molecules from surrounding

Question 54

Types of endocytosis: | Receptor mediated

Answer 54

- highly specific | - receptor proteins on the cell membrane pick up particular molecules from surrounding

Question 55

ADP stands for _______ __ _________

Answer 55

adenine di phosphate

Question 56

ADP stands for _______ __ _________

Answer 56

adenine di phosphate

Question 57

how does ATP work?

Answer 57

the phosphate in ATP holds energy from burning glucose

Question 58

ADP grabs ______ and becomes ATP

Answer 58

energy

Question 59

when you burn sugar you make ___

Answer 59

ATP

Question 60

endergonic reaction

Answer 60

gains energy

Question 61

exergonic reaction

Answer 61

loses energy

Question 62

Glycoproteins

Answer 62

compound where a portein and carbohydrate are bonded together

Question 63

Glycolipid

Answer 63

lipid attached to short carbohydrate chain

Question 64

cellular respiration is an __________ reaction

Answer 64

endergonic

Question 65

photsynthesis is an __________ reaction

Answer 65

exergonic reaction