Cells Flashcards
(22 cards)
Phagocyte
a type of cell within the body capable of engulfing and absorbing bacteria and other small cells and particles.
Active transport
describes what happens when a cell uses energy to transport something
Phagocytosis
the ingestion of bacteria or other material by phagocytes and amoeboid protozoans.
Pinocytosis
the ingestion of liquid into a cell by the budding of small vesicles from the cell membrane.
Endocytosis
the taking in of matter by a living cell by invagination of its membrane to form a vacuole.
Exocytosis
a process by which the contents of a cell vacuole are released to the exterior through fusion of the vacuole membrane with the cell membrane.
Contractile Vacuole
a vacuole in some protozoans that expels excess liquid on contraction
Sodium Potassium Pump
Active transport is responsible for cells’ containing relatively high concentrations of potassium ions but low concentrations of sodium ions. The mechanism responsible for this is the sodium-potassium pump, which moves these two ions in opposite directions across the plasma membrane.
Passive transport
A kind of transport by which ions or molecules move along a concentration gradient, which means movement from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
Facilitated Diffusion
is the process of spontaneous passive transport (as opposed to active transport) of molecules or ions across a biological membrane via specific transmembrane integral proteins.
Osmosis
a process by which molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one, thus equalizing the concentrations on each side of the membrane.
Ion Channel
pore-forming membrane proteins whose functions include establishing a resting membrane potential, shaping action potentials and other electrical signals by gating the flow of ions across the cell membrane, controlling the flow of ions across secretory and epithelial cells, and regulating cell volume.
Diffusion
the intermingling of substances by the natural movement of their particles.
Carrier Protein
Carrier proteins facilitate the diffusion of different molecules, while channel proteins are involved in the movement of ions, small molecules, or macromolecules, such as another protein, across a biological membrane.
Hypotonic
When water molecules enter the cell
Hypertonic
When water molecules leave the cell
Isotonic
When water molecules enter and leave the cell creating equilibrium
Cytolysis
the dissolution or disruption of cells, especially by an external agent.
Plasmolysis
contraction of the protoplast of a plant cell as a result of loss of water from the cell.
Concentration Gradient
is a measurement of how the concentration of something changes from one place to another.
Vesicle
a fluid- or air-filled cavity or sac, in particular.
Equilibrium
a state in which opposing forces or influences are balanced.
