Cells

Question 0

History

Answer 0

(1665) first microscope

(1838) in animals

Question 1

Cells

Answer 1

Smallest unit of life

60-100 trillion in human body, over 200 diff types

Question 2

Cell theory

Answer 2

1) cells are the fundamental unit of life
2) all organisms are composed of cells
3) cells arise only from other cells

Question 3

Plasma membrane (cell membrane)

Answer 3

Outside

Question 4

Cytosol (cytoplasm)

Answer 4

Gelatinous fluid

Question 5

Organelles

Answer 5

“Little organs” inside cell

Question 6

Cilia

Answer 6

Multiple short hair-like

Question 7

Flagellum

Answer 7

Usually 1 or 2, long hair-like

Question 8

Nucleus

Answer 8

Control center

Question 9

Nuclear envelope (nuclear membrane)

Answer 9

Double membrane w/many pores

Question 10

Nucleoplasm

Answer 10

Like cytosol

Question 11

Nucleolus

Answer 11

Produces ribosomes

Question 12

Chromosomes

Answer 12

Genetic organelles

Total of 46 in most human cells

Question 13

Mitochondria

Answer 13

Release energy

Question 14

Ribosomes

Answer 14

Produces proteins

Eg: looks like jellybeans

Question 15

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 15

Circulation

Question 16

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 16

Covered with ribosomes

Question 17

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 17

Lack ribosomes

Question 18

Golgi complex (Golgi body)

Answer 18

Packages chemicals

Question 19

Vesicles

Answer 19

Membrane bound packets of chemicals

Question 20

Vacuoles

Answer 20

Store water, huge in plants

Question 21

Lysosomes

Answer 21

Store digestive chemicals

Question 22

Centrioles (centromere)

Answer 22

Animal cells ONLY

Pair organizes cell division

Question 23

Cytoskeleton

Answer 23

Proteins in cytosol

Question 24

Microtubules

Answer 24

Hollow proteins

Question 25

Microfilaments

Answer 25

Solid proteins

Question 26

Monera

Answer 26

- Prokaryotic - Uni Cell - Cell Wall (+) - Chloroplasts (-) - Centrioles (-)

Question 27

Protista

Answer 27

- Eukaryotic - Uni Cell - Cell Wall (+/-) - Chloroplasts (+/-) - Centrioles (+/-)

Question 28

Plantae

Answer 28

- Eukaryotic - Multi Cell - Cell Wall (+) - Chloroplasts (+) - Centrioles (-)

Question 29

Fungus

Answer 29

- Eukaryotic - Multi Cell - Cell Wall (+) - Chloroplasts (-) - Centrioles (-)

Question 30

Animalia

Answer 30

- Eukaryotic - Multi Cell - Cell Wall (-) - Chloroplasts (-) - Centrioles (+)

Question 31

Cell wall

Answer 31

Rigid layer outside plasma membrane | Cellulose binds adjoining cells

Question 32

Central vacuole

Answer 32

Huge reservoir in plants (store water)

Question 33

Plastids

Answer 33

Specialized vesicles, including chloroplasts | Store chlorophyll for photosynthesis

Question 34

Eukaryotic cells (Kingdoms)

Answer 34

In Protista: | Plants, Fungi, Animals

Question 35

Eukaryotic cells

Answer 35

Many membrane, bound organelles

Question 36

Prokaryotic cells

Answer 36

In bacteria 100 times smaller, more primitive No nucleus, few organelles, diff cell wall

Question 37

Phospholipid bilayer

Answer 37

``` 2 layers of lipids embedded w/ proteins Both surfaces (phosphate) are water-soluble, interior (fatty acids) ```

Question 38

Plasma membrane

Answer 38

1 bilayer

Question 39

Nuclear envelope

Answer 39

2 bolsters

Question 40

Plasma membrane is selectively permeable (ability to go through)

Answer 40

Whether a substance can pass through depends on its size + solubility

Question 41

Lipid

Answer 41

Soluble substances, dissolve through lipids

Question 42

Water

Answer 42

Soluble substances, not permeable unless small enough to fit through protein pores.

Question 43

Passive transport

Answer 43

Moves from HIGH => LOW concentration | (Automatic) does not require energy

Question 44

Simple diffusion

Answer 44

Random movement

Question 45

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 45

Uses carrier molecules

Question 46

Active transport

Answer 46

From LOW => HIGH concentration, used carrier molecules + energy

Question 47

Endocytosis

Answer 47

Swallowed by plasma membrane

Question 48

Phagocytosis

Answer 48

Solids

Question 49

Pinocytosis

Answer 49

Fluids

Question 50

Exocytosis

Answer 50

Expels or secretes vesicle

Question 51

Osmosis

Answer 51

Diffusion of water through membrane, when water either enters or exits cell

Question 52

Isotonic solution

Answer 52

Same concentration outside as inside cell | Dynamic equilibrium, so no net change

Question 53

Hypotonic solution

Answer 53

Less chemical than inside cell More water outside cell Water moves into cell to divide it, so cell gains water, swells or bursts

Question 54

Hypertonic solution

Answer 54

More chemical than inside cell Less water outside cell Water leaves cell to concentrate it, so cell loses water + shrinks