Chemistry

Question 0

Nucleus

Answer 0

At the center of atom

Question 1

Atom

Answer 1

Smallest individual unit of matter

Question 2

Protons

Answer 2

Charge +1, Mass 1

Question 3

Neutrons

Answer 3

Charge 0, Mass 1

Question 4

Electrons

Answer 4

In rapid orbit around nucleus

Charge -1, Mass 0

Question 5

Mass

Answer 5

protons + #neutrons

Question 6

Charge

Answer 6

protons - #electrons

Question 7

Element

Answer 7

Atoms w/same #protons

Question 8

Periodic table

Answer 8

Lists the diff elements
92 occur naturally (others artificial)
(Uranium)

Question 9

Atomic number

Answer 9

protons in atom

Question 10

Atomic mass

Answer 10

protons + #neutrons

Question 11

Neutrons

Answer 11

Atomic mass - atomic number

Question 12

Life

Answer 12

25 elements (top 6 form 99% tissue)
Carbon(6), Hydrogen(1), Oxygen(8), Phosphorus(15), Sulfur(16)

Question 13

Isotope

Answer 13

Same element w/diff # neutrons
Eg. Carbon(14) 6P, 8N, 6E
Carbon(12) 6P, 6N, 6E
Diff mass but same chemical reactions (rxs)

Question 14

Molecule

Answer 14

2+ atoms joined together
Compound of diff elements
Eg. (H2O & CO2 are compounds & molecules)
(O2 is only a molecule, not compound)

Question 15

Chemical bond

Answer 15

Joins atoms in a molecule

Consists of a pair of shard electrons plus bond energy

Question 16

Ionic bond

Answer 16

Weak bond between atoms
Electrons not shared equally
Eg (NaCl; salt)

Question 17

Covalent bond

Answer 17

Strong bond between atoms

Electrons shared equally

Question 18

Hydrogen bond

Answer 18

Weak/temporary bond between molecules

Question 19

Metabolism

Answer 19

All Chem rxs in body

Reactants -> products

Question 20

Synthesis

Answer 20

Build up

Question 21

Hydrolysis

Answer 21

Break down

Question 22

Synthesis rxs

Answer 22

Builds larger molecule

Eg. CH3-OH+H-CH3 -> CH3-CH3+H2O

Question 23

Hydrolysis rxs

Answer 23

Breaks down molecule

Eg. CH3-CH3+H2O -> CH3-OH+H-CH3

Question 24

Inorganic molecule

Answer 24

Lacks Carbon atoms | Eg. (H2O,O2)

Question 25

Organic molecule

Answer 25

Carbon (plus hydrogen)

Question 26

Biochemical

Answer 26

Organic molecule in life | Eg. Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, Nucleic Acids

Question 27

Carbohydrates

Answer 27

Functions: 1) principle source of energy (4kcal/g) 2) structure & energy storage in plants Elements: C, H, O Basic Structure: ring or chain of 5-6C

Question 28

Monosaccharide

Answer 28

Single sugar | Eg. (glucose C6H12O6)

Question 29

Disaccharide

Answer 29

Double sugar | Eg. (Sucrose)

Question 30

Polysaccharide

Answer 30

Chain of 100's sugars | Eg. starch + cellulose (plants), glycogen (animals, esp. Liver)

Question 31

Lipids

Answer 31

Functions: 1) energy storage (9kcal/g) 2) also animal structure (blubber) Elements: C, H, O

Question 32

Triglyceride

Answer 32

Glycerol + 3 fatty acids

Question 33

Fat

Answer 33

Solid, saturated (maximum H's), promotes heart disease

Question 34

Oil

Answer 34

Liquid, unsaturated (missing H's)

Question 35

Others

Answer 35

Phospholipid with phosphate group | Eg. Steroids, waxes

Question 36

Proteins

Answer 36

Functions: 1) energy (4kcal/g) 2) structure esp. Animals (meat) 3) enzymes (speed up + reg. Chem rxs) Elements: C, H, O, N, S

Question 37

Amino acid

Answer 37

``` Central C Hydrogen H Amino group NH2 Carboxyl group COOH R-group (20 diff) ```

Question 38

Polypeptide

Answer 38

Chain of amino acids | Protein 1+ polypeptides

Question 39

Primary structure (I)

Answer 39

Order of amino acids in polypeptide

Question 40

Secondary structure (II)

Answer 40

Coiling or folding of polypeptide

Question 41

Tertiary structure (III)

Answer 41

Folding of coils / folds (fold again)

Question 42

Quaternary structure (IV)

Answer 42

Link to other polypeptides

Question 43

Nucleic acids

Answer 43

Function: genetics, not energy Elements: C, H, O, N, P Structure: chain of 100's nucleotides Eg: DNA, RNA, ATP

Question 44

Ions

Answer 44

Charged molecules

Question 45

Anion

Answer 45

(Negative) gain electron

Question 46

Cation

Answer 46

(Positive) loss electron

Question 47

Ionization

Answer 47

Reaction producing ions

Question 48

Salt

Answer 48

Neutral molecule release ions

Question 49

Acid

Answer 49

Releases H+, burns

Question 50

Base

Answer 50

Releases OH-, caustic + slimy

Question 51

pH scale

Answer 51

Measure of acidity

Question 52

Acidic pH

Answer 52

6.9 - 1

Question 53

Neutral pH

Answer 53

7

Question 54

Alkaline or Basic pH

Answer 54

7.1 - 14

Question 55

Buffer

Answer 55

Chemical that regulates pH, absorbs excess H+ or OH- Eg: stomach pH2, urine pH 5~7.8, blood pH 7.4

Question 56

Solution

Answer 56

Mixture of different chemicals

Question 57

Solute

Answer 57

A minor component or substance

Question 58

Solvent

Answer 58

Fluid that the solute is dissolved in. Must form bonds with other chemicals

Question 59

Water

Answer 59

``` 71% of the earth surface, 66% humans Solid (ice) is less dense than liquid Absorbs + insulates heat Cohesive + adhesive H2O is a polar molecule, opposite of nonpolar Electrons attracted more to O than to H O side is more negative than H side. ```

Question 60

Adhesive

Answer 60

Force of attraction between different substances Eg: glass & water

Question 61

Cohesive

Answer 61

Force of attraction between molecules of the same substance.

Question 62

Solubility

Answer 62

Ability to dissolve in solvent (water or lipid)

Question 63

Water (soluble) if

Answer 63

Polar = hydrophilic

Question 64

Lipid (soluble) if

Answer 64

Nonpolar =hydrophobic

Question 65

Functional groups

Answer 65

1) hydroxide group - OH 2) amino group - NH2 3) carboxyl group - COOH 4) phosphate group - PO4 5) methyl group - CH3

Question 66

Isotopes

Answer 66

Same element with different # neutrons. Diff mass but same chemical rxs Eg: hydrogen = 1 proton Deuterium = 1 proton, 1 neutron Tritium = 1 proton, 2 neutrons

Question 67

Isomers

Answer 67

Share the same formula | Diff molecules with diff arrangement