Cells Flashcards
(20 cards)
1
Q
Common myeloid progenitor
A
- Comprise most innate immune cells, first line of defense
- Responsible for presentation of microbes to adaptive immune cells
- Effector cells that can propagate or regulate an established immune response
Thrombocytes (platelets) Erythrocytes Mast cell Basophil Neutrophil Eosinophil Macrophage Myeloid dendritic cell
2
Q
Common lymphoid progenitor
A
- Generated in primary lymphoid organs (T cells: thymus, B cells and NK: bone marrow)
- Circulate in blood and stop off at secondary lymphoid organs
Natural killer cell
T lymphocyte
B lymphocyte
3
Q
HSC Differentiation: Common myeloid progenitors
A
IL-3
GM-CSF
4
Q
HSC Differentiation: Common lymphoid progenitors
A
IL-7
5
Q
HSC Differentiation: Basophils
A
IL-4
6
Q
HSC Differentiation: Neutrophils
A
G-CSF
7
Q
HSC Differentiation: Eosinophils
A
IL-5
8
Q
HSC Differentiation: Monocytes and macrophages
A
GM-CSF
M-CSF
9
Q
HSC Differentiation: Dendritic cells
A
Flt3L
10
Q
HSC Differentiation: T cells
A
IL-2
IL-7
11
Q
HSC Differentiation: B cells
A
Many including
IL-3
IL-7
12
Q
Neutrophils (PMNs)
A
The Foot Soldier
- Most lobes
- Killing machines, most abundant (70% of WBC), continuously-circulating
- Neutral (pink) staining
- Phagocytosis and activation of bactericidal mechanisms (extracellular killing, when pathogen too large to phaocytize), NETS (nuetrophil extracellular traps)
- Primary Granules: direct toxic/enzymatic activity
- Secondary Granules: free radical formation
- Short-lived
- Results in pus (dead neutrophils)
13
Q
Monocytes/Macrophage
A
Microbial Eating Machine and Alarm System
- Phagocytosis and activation of bactericidal mechanism)
- Antigen presentation
- Key mediators of systemic inflammation
- Actively working nucleus: transcribing genes
- Filled with lysosomes
- Patrol, can send out signals (for neutrophils or T cells) or respond to signals (from T cells)
- Lots of receptors: recognized microbial patterns
- Housekeeping: scavenging dead cells/debris
14
Q
Dendritic Cells (DCs)
A
The Informant
- Antigen uptake in peripheral sites
- Antigen presentation
- Long finger like processes, increase SA for antigen display
- Found under surface epithelia and solid organs
- Take up, process, and present antigens from all types of sources
- Key role in initiating adaptive immunity
- Signal T-cells to proliferate and attack
15
Q
Eosinophils (Eos)
A
The Destroyer
- Killing of antibody-coated parasites
- Bilobed structure
- Bright pink granules
- Synthesize chemical mediators to augment inflammatory response
- Also recruited in allergic rxns, can sustain them, chronic activate can lead to tissue remodeling (asthma example)
- Release high dangerous substances: major basic protein (toxic to everything), eosinophil collagenase (remodels connective tissue matrix), leukotrienes (smooth muscle contraction, increased vascular permeability and mucus secretion), eosinophil-derived neurotoxin
- Tightly regulated
16
Q
Mast Cells
A
The Gatekeeper
- Release of granules containing histamine and active agents
- Large mononuclear cells, dark basophilic and acidic granules (activation of cell causes degranulation)
- Found in vascularized connective tissue beneath epithelia surfaces
- Important in vasodilation, which allows other WBCs to do their jobs
- Cause local increase in blood flow and vascular permeability (via smooth muscle constriction)
- Increased fluid and antibody accumulation in tissue
- The swelling produced by degranulation increases lymph pressure which increased flow of antigen in lymph to regional lymph nodes
- Can cause local and systemic effects (uticaria and anaphylaxis)
17
Q
Basophils
A
Accomplice to Mast Cells and Eosinophils
- Participates in immunity against parasitic infection
- Participates in allergic responses
- 2 to 3 poorly defined nuclear lobes
- Dark basophilic granules rich in histamine and heparin
- Minimal in circulation WBC repertoire
18
Q
Natural Killer Cells (NK)
A
- Large mononuclear cells with distinctive granular cytoplasm
- Cell receptors are invariant (innate and non-adaptive)
- Recognizes when body cell just doesn’t look right (viral infection, tumors)
- Release cytotoxic granules onto the surface of the cell, induce apoptosis
- Can quickly target viral infections while slower adaptive immune system is gearing up
19
Q
B Cells
A
Aimed at Artillery
- Variant surface receptors, specific to one antigen
- Proliferate and differentiate into plasma cells which starts producing lots of antibodies for one specific pathogen
- The soluble antibodies trap pathogen so it can be phagocytized
20
Q
T Cells
A
Commanders-in-Chief
- Variant surface receptors
- After first enocunter it proliferates and differentiates: cytotoxic T cells (directly kill infected cells), helper T cells (orchestrate antibody, inflammation, and macrophage responses)
- Regulates activity of T and B lymphocytes
