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Cells Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

Plasma

A

forms the outer boundary of cells

Maintains integrity of cell

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2
Q

Proteins are Enzymes that

A

Metabolic reaction

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3
Q

Lymphoid system

A

Recognize self and none self cells

A distinction essential in fighting pathogens

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4
Q

Selective permeable membrane

A

Only certain substance to enter cell

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5
Q

Cytoplasm

A

The interior of cell liquid between plasma and nucleus aka cystol

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6
Q

Organelles

A

Little Organs surrounded by cystol distinguished by shape size structure

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7
Q

Nucleus

A

The center off cell largest organelle surround by double layer nuclear envelope

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8
Q

Nuclear envelope

A

Containing numerous pores that allow the movement of materials between nucleus and cytoplasm

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9
Q

Chromosomes

A

Holds DNA and proteins forms chromatin granules when cell is not dividing

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10
Q

Nucleolus
Nucleus
Nuclear envelope

A

: Proteins moving out wards towards nuclear pore
: center of cell home of DNA egg shaped structure surrounded by nuclear envelope
: containing numerous pores to allow movement of materials

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11
Q

Ribosomes

A

RNA and proteins witch are performed in nucleolus before migrating into the cytoplasm protein synthesis in cells
Location endoplasmic reticulum

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12
Q

Endoplasmic recticulum

A

ER membrane provide some support for the cytoplasm and form a network of channels that facilitate the movement of materials with in cells

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13
Q

Rough endoplasmic

A

Numerous ribosomes located on the outer surface of the membranes

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14
Q

Smooth endoplasmic

A

Lacks ribosomes and serves a sight for synthesis for lipids

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15
Q

Golgi

A

Produces mucus, packing and shipping, vesicles little tiny membranous sacs that carry substance from place to place within cell

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16
Q

Vesicles

A

Transport substances from place to place in a cell

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17
Q

Secretory vesicles

A

Transport materials out side towards the out side of cell

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18
Q

Golgi complex has two types of

A

Vesicles

Secretory vesicles

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19
Q

Mitochondrion

A

Are relatively large organelles that are characterized by having folds internal membrane surrounded by smooth external membranes
Internal has membranes folds called cristae
Enzymes for aerobic respiration power house

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20
Q

Mitochondrial

A

Small amount of DNA account for less then 2 percents of actual body’s DNA

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21
Q

Lysosomes

A

Formed by Golgi pled small vesicles contain digestive enzymes, fight off bacteria clean
Out cell fix cell that need replacement or have become damaged

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22
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

Microtubules long thin protein tubules that provide support for the cell and are involved in the movement of and organelles

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23
Q

Microfilaments

A

Are tiny rods of contractile protein that not only support the cell but also play in cell movement and cell division

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24
Q

Centriols

A

Are two cylinders that are located near the nucleus are oriented at right angles to each other
9 triplets form a wall

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25
Cilia
Short hair like projections from cells in the respiratory system and reproductive tracts
26
Flagella
Are long whip like projections found in Sperm
27
Microvilli
Are extensions of the plasma membrane That are smaller and more numerous
28
What contains microtubles
cilia and flagella
29
What are the difference between mitochondria , nucleolus , Golgi complex and rough endoplasmic reticulum
MC: power house Relatively large organelles having a folded internal membrane surrounded by smooth external membrane Necleus: contains DNA and RNA largest organelle Golgi complex: produces mucus package and shipping ER: makes a support system for cytoplasm and form network of channels that facilitate movement of materials, has ribosomes
30
What organelles enable cell movement or movement of substance along free surface
Cilia with small hair like projections
31
Compare the mechanism of passive and active transport of substance across the plasma membrane
Passive transport : does not require expenditure of ATP | Active Transport: requires the cell to expend ATP
32
Passive transport three different types
Diffusion osmosis filtration
33
Diffusion
Is the net move of a substance moving from a higher concentration to and area of lower concentration
34
Osmosis
The passage of water
35
Simple diffusion
Lipids Able to diffuse across plasma membrane because they can devolve phospholipid molecule on plasma membrane
36
Carrier medicated diffusion , | Channel medicated diffusion
CM: used to carry proteins CM:facilitated transport across the membrane
37
Effect of tonicity on Human red blood cells
Hypotonic solution: Swelling of the cell Isotonic: remains the same Hypertonic: cell will shrink
38
Endocytosis , exocytosis
Endocytosis: when cell engulfs or internalize particles pinocytosis droplets of fluid , Phagocytosis solid particle Exocytosis: remove large substance from cell secretory vessel contains the substance forms with in cell
39
By what means do substance enter and exit living cells
Endocytosis , exocytosis
40
Describe Cellular respiration and its importance.
Breaks down nutrients in cells to release energy held in their chemical bonds and transfers some of this energy into the high energy phosphate bonds ATP
41
Cellular respiration
Anaerobic and aerobic respiration | Is the process that breaks down nutrients in the cells to release energy held in their chemical bonds
42
Anaerobic respiration
Does not require oxygen occurs in cytosol breaks down 6 carbon glucose molecule into three carbon pyruvic acid molecules to make to ATP molecules
43
Aerobic respiration
Occurs in mitochondria requires oxygen and yields a net of 34-36 ATP requires oxygen second part of cellular respiration transfer energy to high phosphate bonds of ATP Glucose yield net 36-38 ATP
44
Protein
Formed of a long chain of amino acids
45
Protein synthesis
Placing the correct acid on a specific part of the chain | DNA RNA are intimately involved
46
DNA
Two coiled strands of nucleotides joined by hydrogen bonds | ATCG
47
RNA
Single strand of nucleotides | UAAT
48
Three types of RNA
Messenger MRNA: carries the genetic information from DNA Ribosomal rRNA: protein composed ribosomes the site of synthesis Transfer RNA: Carries amino acids to the ribosomes where the amino acids form protein
49
Two types of protein synthesis
Transcription: witch occurs in the nucleus Translation: takes place in the cytoplasm
50
How does DNA determine structure for proteins
A sequence of 3 nucleotides bases in DNA encodes for a specific amino acid ACA: codes for protein AGG: encodes for serine
51
Cell division
Cells can replicated
52
Two types of cell division
Mitotic: when a parent cell divide to make two daughter cells Meiotic: only occurs in the production of ova and sperm
53
Four process in mitotic cell division
Prophase, metaphase , anaphase , telophase
54
Interphase
Defined as the phase when the cell is not involved in mitosis
55
Mitotic phases | And mitosis
Prophase Anaphase Telophase
56
Prophase
The chromosome coil, appearing first as thread like structures and finally shortening sufficiently to become rod shaped
57
Spindle
Formed between the migrating centrioles
58
Metaphase
Replicated chromosome line up at the equator of the spindle
59
Anaphase
Separation of centromeres results in the separation of the paired chromatids
60
Telophase
The spindle fibers disassemble and new nuclear envelope starts forming around each set of chromosome as the new nuclei begin to take shape
61
Cytokinesis
Is characterized by furrow that forms in the plasma , and happens in anaphase and telophase

Mid Term (12 decks)

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