Cells Flashcards
(21 cards)
Nucleus
The cells control centre, containing most of the cells DNA
Mitochondria
The site of fat and sugar digestion in the cell, produces energy
Lysosomes
Produce powerful enzymes that aid in digestion and excretion of substances and worn out organelles
Ribosome
A small structure that functions in protein assembly
Cell membrane
The cells wall that regulates the flow of substances into and out of the cell
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
A network of tubes and flat curved sacs that help to transport materials through cell, site of calcium storage, main location of fat metabolism
Golgi
Organelle that processes and repackages proteins produced in rough endoplasmic reticulum for release at cell membrane
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Folded membranes extending throughout cell, studded with ribosomes, help transport materials through cell, site of much protein manufacture.
Cytoplasm
Jelly-like fluid in which organelles float, primarily water but also contains enzymes and amino acids
Microtubules
Part of the cells cytoskeleton, aid movement of substances through the watery cytoplasm.
Diffusion
Small molecules such as glycerol, water,oxygen and carbon dioxide across the membrane by diffusion.
Many molecules naturally move from an area where they are in high concentration to one in which their numbers are fewer.
Facilitated diffusion
Molecules that cannot cross into the membrane have to use facilitated diffusion.
A carrier protein binds with a specific molecule, such as glucose, outside the cell, then changes shape and ejects the molecule into the cell
Active transport
Molecules bind to a receptor site on the cell membrane, triggering a protein, which changes into a channel through which molecules can pass through.
Epithelial cells
These cells form skin, cover most organs and line hollow cavities. The cells shown here are from the top surface of the intestinal tract.
Photoreceptor cells
A cone cell is a type of light-sensitive cell that is found in the retina of the eye. Cone cells are activated by bright light and are responsible for colour perception.
Red blood cells
The red cell(erythrocyte) is a bag of oxygen-carrying haemoglobin molecules. It’s double-dished shape allows for rapid, maximum oxygen absorption
Adipose(fat) cell
The main adipose cells, adipocytes, are bulky and crammed with droplets of fat(lipids) which store energy in case the diet cannot meet requirements.
Smooth muscle cell
The large, elongated, spindle-like cells of smooth muscle are known as muscle fibres. The shape allows for contraction by means of sliding strands of protein inside.
Nerve cell
Each cell has a configuration of short extensions to receive nerve signals, and a long wire(axon) to send signals to other cells.
Sperm cell
Each sperm cell has a head that carries the paternal set of genetic material, and a long, whip-like tail which propels it towards the egg.
Ovum(egg) cell
These giant cells contain the material complement of genetic material, and energy resources for the first cell division that shape the early embryo.
