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YEAR 1 > Medical Glossary > Flashcards

Medical Glossary Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

Abscess

A

A walled cavity containing pus, surrounded by inflamed or dying tissue.

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2
Q

Acute

A

A condition that begins abruptly and may last a short time. 3-6months

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3
Q

Chronic

A

A persistent medical condition that usually last more than 6 months.

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4
Q

Antibiotic

A

A medical drug that acts against bacteria. It has no effect on viruses.

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5
Q

Anticoagulant

A

A drug used to limit any tendency for blood to clot within the arteries or veins.

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6
Q

Arrhythmia

A

An irregular heartbeat due to a defect in the electrical impulses or pathways that control contractions.

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7
Q

Arthritis

A

Inflammation in a joint, causing varying degrees of pain, swelling, redness and restriction of movement.

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8
Q

Asthma

A

A disease in which the airways narrow so that breathing becomes intermittently difficult.

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9
Q

Atrial fibrillation

A

A disorder in which the atria beat very rapidly

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10
Q

Atrial septal defect

A

A hole in the wall of the septum between the upper two chambers of the heart.

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11
Q

Autoimmune disease

A

A disease caused by a defect in the immune system, which attacks the body’s own tissue.

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12
Q

Balloon angioplasty

A

The use of a catheter with an inflatable tip to widen an artery.

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13
Q

Benign

A

Mild and with no tendency to spread.

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14
Q

Malignant

A

Refers to a cancerous tumour that may spread throughout the body, causing death.

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15
Q

Betablocker

A

A drug that blocks the action of adrenaline which slows the pulse and reduces blood pressure.

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16
Q

Biopsy

A

A sample of tissue from any part of the body suspected of disease and examined under a microscopic.

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17
Q

Cyst

A

A walled cavity which is usually spherical filled with fluid or semi-solid matter usually benign.

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18
Q

Cystitis

A

Inflammation of the urinary bladder, usually caused by infection. Produces painful urination.

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19
Q

Cranial nerves

A

12 pairs of nerves emerging from the brain and brainstem. They include nerves for smell, sight,eye movement, facial movement, sensation, hearing, taste and head movement.

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20
Q

Defibrillation

A

A strong pulse of electrical current applied to the heart to restore it’s normal rhythm.

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21
Q

Dialysis

A

Artificial kidney machine. That filtrates waste excretion and preservation of essential nutrients.

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22
Q

Dopamine

A

A chemical messenger in the brain that is involved in the control of body movement.

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23
Q

Duodenum

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A

First part of the small intestine in which the stomach empties into. Ducts from the gallbladder, liver, and pancreas all enter the duodenum.

24
Q

Embolus

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A

Any material such as blood clots, air bubbles, bone marrow, fat, or tumour cells carried into the bloodstream.

25
Endorphins
A morphine like substance produced by the body in times of pain, stress and also exercise.
26
Enzyme
A protein that accelerates a chemical reaction.
27
Gallstone
An oval mass of cholesterol, calcium and bile pigment that forms in the gallbladder. Vary in size and are more common in women.
28
Gastritis
An inflammation of the stomach lining from any cause, including infection or alcohol.
29
Glaucoma
An abnormal rise in the pressure of the fluids within the eye, that if left untreated, causes internal damage to the eye that may result in blindness.
30
Glucose
A simple sugar obtained by breakdown of long-chain carbohydrates, such as starch,in the diet. Glucose is also known as blood sugar and is the main form of energy within the body.
31
Haematoma
An accumulation of blood within any part of the body, caused by a torn blood vessel.
32
Haemoglobin
The protein in red blood cells that combines with oxygen, carrying it from the lungs throughout the body.
33
Haemorrhage
The escape of blood from a blood vessel, usually as a result of an injury.
34
Heart Valve
One of four structures of the heart that allow passage of blood in one direction only.
35
Hepatitis
Inflammation of the liver, usually as a result of a viral infection, excess alcohol or toxic substances. Symptoms include fever and jaundice.
36
Hippocampus
A structure of the brain concerned with learning and long-term memory.
37
Homeostasis
Active processes by which an organism maintains constant internal conditions.
38
Hypothalamus
A small structure located at the base of the brain, where the nervous and hormonal system of the body interact. It is linked to the thalamus.
39
Jaundice
A yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes that is due to deposition of bile pigment. Jaundice results from altered liver function.
40
Killer T-cells
White blood cells that can destroy damaged ,infected or malignant body cells.
41
Larynx
the structure in the neck at the top of the trachea, known as the voice box.
42
Leukaemia
A group of blood disorders in which malignant white blood cells grow in bone marrow and invade organs elsewhere in the body.
43
Lymph node
A small, oval gland packed with white blood cells that act as a barrier to the spread of infection. Nodes occur in series along lymph vessels.
44
Mammography
X-ray screening of the breast using low radiation x-rays to detect early stages of cancer.
45
Mastectomy
Surgical removal of part or all of the breast. It is usually used to treat breast cancer and is followed on with radiotherapy.
46
Meiosis
The stage in the formation of the egg and sperm when the chromosomal material is randomly distributed and the number of chromosomes are reduced to 23 instead of 46.
47
Mitosis
The process by which a cell nucleus divides to produce two daughter cells, each of which has the identical genetic make-up of the parent cell.
48
Mitral Valve
The valve that lies between the left atrium and the left ventricle of the heart.
49
Motor neuron
A nerve cell that carries the impulse to muscles that cause it's movement.
50
Motor neuron disease
A rare disorder in which motor neurons suffer a progressive destruction, resulting in a corresponding loss of movement.
51
Muscular dystrophy
One of several herditary muscle disorders featuring gradual. progressive muscle degeneration and weakening.
52
Nerve
The thread-like projections of individual neurons(nerve cells) held together by a fibrous sheath. Nerves carry electrical impulses to and from the brain and spinal cord and other body parts.
53
Neuron
A single nerve cell, the function of which is to transmit electrical impulses.
54
Noninvasive
Any medical procedure that does not involve penetration of the skin or an entry into the body through any of the natural openings.
55
Analgesia
Reduced sensitivity to pain without loss of consciousness and without sense of touch being affected

YEAR 1 (9 decks)

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