Cells

Question 1

Microscope

Answer 1

An instrument for viewing small objects

Question 2

Cells

Answer 2

The smallest unit of life. Cells are the building blocks of living things

Question 3

Light microscopes

Answer 3

Instrument for viewing very small objects. A light microscope can magnify things up to 1500 times.

Question 4

Electron microscopes

Answer 4

Instrument for viewing very small objects. An electron microscope is much more powerful than a light microscope and it can magnify up to a million times.

Question 5

Monocular

Answer 5

Describes a microscope through which the specimen is seen using one eye only

Question 6

Binocular

Answer 6

A microscope with two eyepieces, so you use both eyes to look at the object

Question 7

Stereo

Answer 7

Describes a microscope through which the specimen is viewed using both eyes

Question 8

Magnification

Answer 8

The number of times the image of an object has been enlarged using a lens or lens system

Question 9

Cell membrane

Answer 9

Structure that encloses the contents of a cell and allows the movement of some materials in and out

Question 10

Ribosomes

Answer 10

Small structures within a cell in which proteins such as enzymes are made

Question 11

Cytosol

Answer 11

The fluid found inside cells

Question 12

Cytoplasm

Answer 12

A material inside a cell, It contains many organelles such as the nucleus and vacuoles.

Question 13

Chloroplasts

Answer 13

They are the ‘factories’ in which carbon dioxide and water are changed by sunlight and water into food by the process of photosynthesis.

Question 14

Mitochondria

Answer 14

They supply energy to other parts of the cell

Question 15

Nucleus

Answer 15

Roundish structure inside a cell that acts as the control center for the cell.

Question 16

Chromosomes

Answer 16

Tiny, thread-like structure inside the nucleus of a cell.

Question 17

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Answer 17

The chemical substance found in all living things that encodes the genetic information of an organism

Question 18

Mitosis

Answer 18

Cell division process that results in new cells with the same number of chromosomes as the original cell

Question 19

Clones

Answer 19

Identical copy

Question 20

Cytokinesis

Answer 20

The process where the cytoplasm of a cell divides to form two daughter cells

Question 21

Infectious diseases

Answer 21

Disease that can be transferred from one organism to another

Question 22

Non-infectious diseases

Answer 22

Disease that cannot be transferred from one organism to another

Question 23

Antibiotics

Answer 23

Substance derived from a micro-organism and used to kill bacteria in the body

Question 24

Disinfectants

Answer 24

Chemical used to kill bacteria on surfaces and non-living objects

Question 25

Antiseptics

Answer 25

Mild disinfectant used on body tissue to kill microbes

Question 26

Bactericidal

Answer 26

Describes an antiseptic that kills bacteria

Question 27

Bacteriostatic

Answer 27

Describes an antiseptic that stops bacteria from growing or dividing but doesn't kill them

Question 28

Epidermal Cells

Answer 28

It forms a boundary between the plant and the external environment. It is covered with a waxy coating called photosynthesis

Question 29

Root Hair Cells

Answer 29

They collect water and mineral nutrients. The cell having a large surface area to collect more water or food.

Question 30

Palisade mesophyll Cells

Answer 30

They are tall and closely packed to absorb maximum light. Most photosynthesis take place in the palisade cell.

Question 31

Phloem

Answer 31

Type of tissue that transports sugars made in the leaves to other parts of a plant

Question 32

Translocation

Answer 32

Transport of materials, such as water and glucose, in plants

Question 33

Xylem vessels

Answer 33

pipelines for the flow of water up plants. They are made up of the remains of dead xylem cells fitted end to end with the joining walls broken down.

Question 34

Lignin

Answer 34

A hard substance in the walls of dead xylem cells that make up the tubes carrying water up plant stems

Question 35

Stomata

Answer 35

Small openings mainly on the lower surface of leaves. These pores are opened and closed by guard cells

Question 36

Transpiration steam

Answer 36

Movement of water through a plant as a result of loss of water from the leaves

Question 37

Vascular bundles

Answer 37

Groups of xylem and phloem vessels within plant stems

Question 38

Transpiration

Answer 38

Loss of water from plant leaves through their stomata

Question 39

Guard cells

Answer 39

Cells on either side of a stoma that work together to control the opening and closing of the stoma

Question 40

Wilt

Answer 40

Plant stems and leaves wilt when there is insufficient water in their cells.

Question 41

Vacuoles

Answer 41

Sacs within a cell used to store food and wastes. Plant cells usually have one large vacuole

Question 42

Flaccid

Answer 42

Describes cells that are not firm due to loss of water

Question 43

Turgid

Answer 43

Describes something that is firm