Cells

Question 1

1. Microscope

Answer 1

An optical instrument used for viewing very small objects

Question 2

Cell

Answer 2

The smallest unit of an organism, the basic building block of life

Question 3

Magnification

Answer 3

The act of enlarging an image

Question 4

Unicellular

Answer 4

Organisms made of only 1 cell (eg: bacteria)

Question 5

Multicellular

Answer 5

Organisms made up of many cells (eg: plants, animals)

Question 6

Micrometre

Answer 6

A millionth of a metre

Question 7

Prokaryote

Answer 7

Organisms that do not have a membrane-bound nucleus (eg: bacteria)

Question 8

Eukaryote

Answer 8

Organisms that contain membrane-bound organelles (eg: plants, animals)

Question 9

Cell membrane

Answer 9

Semi-permeable membrane that controls what goes in and out of the cell

Question 10

Cytoplasm

Answer 10

The jelly-like fluid inside the cell membrane

Question 11

Nucleus

Answer 11

The control centre of the cell, contains the genetic information (DNA) needed for the cell to carry out its various functions

Question 12

Ribosome

Answer 12

The organelle where protein is made

Question 13

Mitochondria

Answer 13

The powerhouse of the cell, energy is made here

Question 14

Chloroplast

Answer 14

Contains chlorophyll used by plants for photosynthesis

Question 15

Cell wall

Answer 15

Made of cellulose, on the outside of plant cells to help support them

Question 16

Vacuole

Answer 16

The organelle where cell sap and water are stored in plant cells

Question 17

Photosynthesis

Answer 17

The process where plants convert light energy into chemical energy using chlorophyll in chloroplasts

Question 18

Chlorophyll

Answer 18

The green pigment which captures sunlight during photosynthesis

Question 19

Guard cell

Answer 19

Controls the entrance of carbon dioxide into the leaves of plants

Question 20

Xylem cell

Answer 20

Specialised cells which carry water in a plant

Question 21

Phloem cell

Answer 21

Specialised cells which carry glucose in a plant

Question 22

Leaf cell

Answer 22

Plant cells which contain chloroplasts where photosynthesis occurs

Question 23

Epidermal cell

Answer 23

Cells found on the outermost layer of plants, act like a skin

Question 24

Root hair cell

Answer 24

Cells with tiny hairs on them used by the roots in plants to absorb water and dissolved minerals

Question 25

Stomata

Answer 25

Tiny holes in between guard cells

Question 26

Mitosis

Answer 26

The process of cell division in eukaryotes where one cell produces two cloned copies, used for growth and repair

Question 27

DNA

Answer 27

The genetic material required for all the cells’ functions, found in the nucleus

Question 28

Chromosomes

Answer 28

Made of DNA, found in the nucleus of cells

Question 29

Cytokinesis

Answer 29

The stage after mitosis is complete where the two cells divide and separate

Question 30

Binary Fission

Answer 30

The process of cell division in bacteria, one cell produces two cloned copies, used for reproduction

Question 31

Skin

Answer 31

The largest external organ on the human body, protects our body from microbes and radiation and helps control our body temperature

Question 32

Tumour

Answer 32

A mass of tissue that results from uncontrolled cell division

Question 33

Benign

Answer 33

A tumour that does not invade the surrounding tissue or spread throughout the body, harmless

Question 34

Malignant

Answer 34

A tumour that invades the surrounding tissue and spreads to other parts of the body, very dangerous

Question 35

Independent Variable

Answer 35

The variable that we purposefully change to see what effect it has (found on the x-axis)

Question 36

Dependent Variable

Answer 36

The variable that responds to a change in the independent variable (found on the y-axis)

Question 37

Controlled Variable

Answer 37

Variables that are kept the same throughout the experiment