Transferring and Transforming energy

Question 1

Law of Conservation of Energy

Answer 1

Law of Conservation of Energy a law that states that energy cannot be made or lost. However, energy can be transformed from one type to another or transferred from one object to another.

Question 2

Electrical Energy

Answer 2

electrical energy the energy made available by the flow of electric charge through a conductor.

Question 3

gravitational potential energy

Answer 3

the gravitational potential energy stored due to the height of an object above a base level.

Question 4

Chemical energy

Answer 4

chemical energy potential energy derived from chemical reactions.

Question 5

Elastic potential energy

Answer 5

elastic potential energy the potential energy stored in a stretched elastic material.

Question 6

Nuclear energy

Answer 6

nuclear energy the energy stored at the centre of atoms, the tiny particles that make up all substances. Nuclear energy can be released from the radioactive metals uranium or plutonium, and transformed into electrical energy in a nuclear power station.

Question 7

Efficiency

Answer 7

efficiency the fraction of energy supplied to a device as useful energy. It is usually expressed as a percentage.

Question 8

conduction

Answer 8

conduction transfer of heat through collisions between particles.

Question 9

insulators

Answer 9

insulators a material that is a poor conductor of heat.

Question 10

convection

Answer 10

convection transfer of heat through the flow of particles

Question 11

radiation

Answer 11

radiation a method of heat transfer that does not require particles to transfer heat from one place to another

Question 12

radiation heat

Answer 12

radiant heat transferred by radiation, as from the sun to the Earth

Question 13

reflected

Answer 13

reflected bounced off

Question 14

transmitted

Answer 14

transmitted passing through something, such as light or sound passing through the air

Question 15

absorbed

Answer 15

absorbed taken in

Question 16

conductors

Answer 16

a conductor is an object or type of material that allows the flow of an electrical current in one or more directions.

Question 17

density

Answer 17

An object made from a comparatively dense material (such as iron) will have less volume than an object of equal mass made from some less dense substance (such as water).

Question 18

luminous

Answer 18

releasing its own light.

Question 19

incandescent

Answer 19

emit light when the temperature is hot.

Question 20

bioluminescent

Answer 20

living organisms that release their own energy.

Question 21

non-bioluminescent

Answer 21

objects that do not emit their own light, but can be seen from the reflection of light.

Question 22

scattered

Answer 22

a light that sent in all different directions by small particles within a substance

Question 23

visible spectrum

Answer 23

different colours combine to make up white

Question 24

dispersion

Answer 24

separation of colours that make up white.

Question 25

electromagnetic radiation

Answer 25

electromagnetic radiation the radiant energy such as radio waves, infrared, visible light, X-rays and gamma rays released by magnetic or electric fields

Question 26

Gamma rays

Answer 26

electromagnetic waves emitted by radioactive substances, they have the same properties as an X-ray. they have the highest penetrating power.

Question 27

Alpha particles

Answer 27

positively charged particles ejected from some radioactive nuclei. they are relatively heavy (two protons and two neutrons). they are slow and low penetrating power.

Question 28

Beta particles

Answer 28

particles ejected from some radioactive nuclei at about the speed of light. there are two types, electrons and protons, which has the same mass as electrons, but a positively charge.

Question 29

electromagnetic spectrum

Answer 29

electromagnetic spectrum complete range of wavelengths of energy radiated as electric and magnetic fields

Question 30

radio waves

Answer 30

radio waves low energy electromagnetic waves with a much lower frequency and longer wavelength than visible light

Question 31

infra-red radiation

Answer 31

infra-red radiation low energy electromagnetic waves with a much lower frequency and longer wavelength than visible light

Question 32

ultraviolet radiation

Answer 32

ultraviolet radiation invisible radiation similar to light but with a slightly higher frequency and more energy