Cells Flashcards
(33 cards)
What are the three parts of cell theory?
1) all organisms are composed of one or more cells
2) the cell is the basic unit of structure and organisation in organisms
3) Cells come from pre-existing cells
Outline the contributions the scientists have had to cell theory
Zacharias Jansen- invented the first compact microscope
Robert Hooke- discovered cells
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek- first person to observe and describe microscopic living things
Robert Brown- describes and discovered the nucleus
Schleidien & schuwaan- started the development of cell theory
Vichow- completes the cell theory
Identify the parts of a microscope
Ocular lens Adjustment knob Base Arm stage clip Lamp/mirror Objective lens Stage
Identify and describe the function of nucleus
Control centre of the cell that is surrounded by a nuclear membrane. It contains DNA that control the cells activities
Describe the function of Mitichondria
The site for the process of cellular respiration and energy production
Describe the function of Chloroplasts
The site for the process of photosynthesis
Describe the functions of Vacuole
Storage areas that contain air, water, waste and food particles
Describe the function of Cytoplasm
Thick solution that fills the cell including all the material inside the cell and outside the nucleus
Describe the functions of the Cell membrane
Thin layer that surrounds the cytoplasm enclosing the cell and regulates what substances enter and exit the cell
Describe the functions of the cell wall
Tough, rigid layer surrounding the cell membrane . It is made of cellulose providing strength, structural support and protection to the cell
Describe the difference between plant and animal cells in terms of organelles
Plants cells have a cell wall, chloroplast and large vacuole and animal cells have small vacuoles
Identify the source of energy for animals
The food they eat
What is the source of energy for plants
Photosynthesis
Outline the difference between mitosis and meiosis
Well mitosis is a cellular division necessary for the growth and repair of cells while meiosis is a cellular division necessary for the production of sex cells (gametes) for reproduction
Define the term unicellular organism and list examples
A unicellular organism is an organism made up of only one single cell. For example-
- bacteria
- virus
- Amoeba
- Paramecium
- Euglena
Define the term multicellular organism and list examples
A multicellular organism is an organism made up of more than one cell and many different types of cells. For example
- plants
- humans
- dog
- fish
- kookaburra
- elephant
Define the term specialised Cells
Specialised Cells have specific functions, different shapes, structures and sizes to make them better able to do their job
Outline how the specific structure of nerve cells helps support their function
Nerve cells are long with star shaped fibres at one end, the length helps to detect and send electrical impulses through the body at speed
I know your freaking out
But it’ll be ok, just keep going!
AND EAT! Can’t focus on an empty stomach!
Outline how the specific structure of the skin cell helps support its function
A skin cell has a flattened shape, the flat shape helps to cover and protect your body
Outline how the specific structure of the sperm cell helps support its function
Sperm cells have long tails, the tail helps the sperm cell to swim towards egg cells
Outline how the specific structure of the muscle cell helps to support its function
Muscle cells are long, thin and elastic, long thin cells can slide over each other to allow movement and elasticity allows muscle to expand and contract, also helping with movement
Outline how the specific structure of the red blood cell helps to support its function
RBC’s are small with a round disc shape, it’s small size helps to move through blood vessels easily
Outline how the specific structure of the ova helps to support its function
An ova is large and round, the large size helps them to store plenty of nutrients (food)
