cells

Question 1

an instrument for viewing small objects

Answer 1

microscope

Question 2

the smallest unit of life. Cells are the building blocks of living things. There are many different sized and shaped cells in animals and plants, as well as single-celled organisms.

Answer 2

cells

Question 3

instrument for viewing very small objects. A light microscope can magnify things up to 1500 times.

Answer 3

light microscopes

Question 4

instrument for viewing very small objects. An electron microscope is much more powerful than a light microscope and can magnify things up to a million times.

Answer 4

electron microscopes

Question 5

describes a microscope through which the specimen is seen using one eye only

Answer 5

monocular

Question 6

a microscope with two eyepieces, so you use both eyes to look at the object

Answer 6

binocular

Question 7

describes a microscope through which the specimen is viewed using both eyes

Answer 7

stereo

Question 8

the number of times the image of an object has been enlarged using a lens or lens system. For example, a magnification of two means the object has been enlarged to twice its actual size.

Answer 8

magnification

Question 9

describes an organism having only one cell

Answer 9

unicellular

Question 10

having many cells. Most plants and animals are multicellular.

Answer 10

multicellular

Question 11

a length of one millionth of a metre

Answer 11

micrometre

Question 12

a unit of measurement equal to one billionth of a metre

Answer 12

nanometre

Question 13

a rapidly developing field that includes studying and investigating cells and other objects of the smallest dimensions

Answer 13

nanotechnology

Question 14

organism classified as belonging to the Prokaryotae kingdom

Answer 14

Prokaryotes

Question 15

member of the group of organisms that has a membrane around the nucleus in each of their cells

Answer 15

eukaryote

Question 16

structure that encloses the contents of a cell and allows the movement of some materials in and out

Answer 16

cell membrane

Question 17

the fluid found inside cells

Answer 17

cytosol

Question 18

small structures within a cell in which proteins such as enzymes are made

Answer 18

ribosomes

Question 19

the jelly-like material inside a cell. It contains many organelles such as the nucleus and vacuoles.

Answer 19

cytoplasm

Question 20

the chemical reactions occurring within an organism that enable the organism to use energy and grow and repair cells

Answer 20

metabolism

Question 21

reproduction by the division of an organism (usually a single cell) into two new organisms

Answer 21

binary fission

Question 22

the kingdom of organisms that have cells with a membrane around the nucleus, but no cell wall, large vacuole or chloroplasts

Answer 22

Animalia

Question 23

the kingdom of organisms that have cells with a membrane around the nucleus, cell wall, large vacuole and chloroplasts, commonly called plants

Answer 23

plantae

Question 24

the kingdom of organisms, such as mushrooms and moulds, that help to decompose dead or decaying matter

Answer 24

fungi

Question 25

the kingdom of organisms, including algae and protozoans, that do not fit into other groups

Answer 25

Protoctista

Question 26

the kingdom of organisms that consist of single cells with a nucleus not surrounded by a membrane or a cell wall, commonly called bacteria

Answer 26

Prokaryotae

Question 27

central part of an atom, made up of protons and neutrons. Also roundish structure inside a cell that acts as the control centre for the cell. Plural = nuclei.

Answer 27

nucleus

Question 28

tiny, thread-like structure inside the nucleus of a cell. Chromosomes contain the DNA that carries genetic information.

Answer 28

chromosomes

Question 29

the chemical substance found in all living things that encodes the genetic information of an organism

Answer 29

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Question 30

cell division process that results in new cells with the same number of chromosomes as the original cell

Answer 30

mitosis

Question 31

identical copy

Answer 31

clones

Question 32

the process where the cytoplasm of a cell divides to form two daughter cells

Answer 32

cytokinesis

Question 33

disease that can be transferred from one organism to another

Answer 33

infectious diseases

Question 34

disease that cannot be transferred from one organism to another

Answer 34

non-infectious diseases

Question 35

substance derived from a micro-organism and used to kill bacteria in the body

Answer 35

antibiotics

Question 36

chemical used to kill bacteria on surfaces and non-living object

Answer 36

disinfectants

Question 37

mild disinfectant used on body tissue to kill microbes

Answer 37

antiseptics

Question 38

describes an antiseptic that kills bacteria

Answer 38

bactericidal

Question 39

describes an antiseptic that stops bacteria from growing or dividing but doesn't kill them

Answer 39

bacteriostatic

Question 40

outermost layer of the skin

Answer 40

epidermis

Question 41

the medical name for the deeper part of the skin

Answer 41

dermis

Question 42

special cells that detect energy and convert it to electrical energy that is sent to the brain

Answer 42

receptors

Question 43

tiny, coiled tube in the skin through which water and salt are removed from the body, helping to control body temperature

Answer 43

sweat glands

Question 44

small opening in the skin. Perspiration reaches the surface of the skin through pores.

Answer 44

pores

Question 45

change state from a liquid to a gas. Evaporation occurs only from the surface of a liquid.

Answer 45

evaporates

Question 46

a disease resulting in the uncontrolled growth of body cells, forming tumours

Answer 46

cancer

Question 47

an abnormal growth

Answer 47

tumour

Question 48

describes a tumour that does not spread to other parts of the body

Answer 48

benign

Question 49

type of tissue that transports sugars made in the leaves to other parts of a plant

Answer 49

phloem

Question 50

transport of materials, such as water and glucose, in plants

Answer 50

translocation

Question 51

pipelines for the flow of water up plants. They are made up of the remains of dead xylem cells fitted end to end with the joining walls broken down. Lignin in the cell walls gives them strength.

Answer 51

xylem vessels

Question 52

a hard substance in the walls of dead xylem cells that make up the tubes carrying water up plant stems. Lignin forms up to 30 per cent of the wood of trees.

Answer 52

lignin

Question 53

small openings mainly on the lower surface of leaves. These pores are opened and closed by guard cells. Singular = stoma.

Answer 53

stomata

Question 54

movement of water through a plant as a result of loss of water from the leaves

Answer 54

transpiration stream

Question 55

groups of xylem and phloem vessels within plant stems

Answer 55

vascular bundles

Question 56

loss of water from plant leaves through their stomata

Answer 56

transpiration

Question 57

cells on either side of a stoma that work together to control the opening and closing of the stoma

Answer 57

guard cells