Cells

Question 1

Properties of eukaryotic cells

Answer 1

They are complex and include all animal and plant cells

Question 2

Properties of prokaryotic cells

Answer 2

They are smaller and simpler - bacteria

Question 3

What is the job of the nucleus

Answer 3

Contains genetic information (dna) and control of the cell

Question 4

What is the job of the mitochondria

Answer 4

Site of aerobic respiration (release of energy)

Question 5

What is the job of the cytoplasm

Answer 5

Site of chemical reactions (jelly like)

Question 6

What is the job of the cell membrane

Answer 6

Allows molecules to leave and enter the cell

Question 7

What is the job of the ribosomes

Answer 7

Site of protein synthesis (making)

Question 8

What is the job of the cellulose cell wall

Answer 8

Strengthens the cell (structure support

Question 9

What is the job of the permanent vacuole

Answer 9

Contains sap

Question 10

What is the job of the chloroplasts

Answer 10

Where photosynthesis occurs, contain chlorophyll which absorbs light needed for photosynthesis

Question 11

What is the microscopy formula

Answer 11

Magnification = image size

Real size

Question 12

What are the 2 types of microscope

Answer 12

1) light microscope

2) Electron microscope

Question 13

What is the microscope triangle

Answer 13

Image size

Magnification x real size

Question 14

In microscopy what numbers do we work with

Answer 14

Standard form

Question 15

What is the function of a sperm

Answer 15

They are specialised for reproduction, puts male DNA into female DNA

Question 16

Which organelle produces energy

Answer 16

Mithchondria

Question 17

What is differentiation

Answer 17

The process in which a cell changes to become specialised for its job

Question 18

What is the name of an undifferentiated cell

Answer 18

A stem cell

Question 19

What is the function of a nerve cell

Answer 19

To carry electrical signals from one part of the body to the other

Question 20

What is the function of a muscle cell

Answer 20

To contract quickly

Question 21

How are muscle cells adapted

Answer 21

They are long and contain lots of mitochondria

Question 22

What is the function of a root hair cell

Answer 22

Gives the plant a long surface area for absorbing water and mineral ions from the soil

Question 23

What is the function of the phloem and xylem cells

Answer 23

They transport food and water around the plant

Question 24

How has the xylem adapted

Answer 24

They are hollow

Question 25

How has the phloem adapted

Answer 25

Have very few sub cellular structures so that stuff can flow through them

Question 26

How have sperm adapted

Answer 26

They have long tails and a streamline head to help swim to the egg

Question 27

How many chromosomes are in the human body

Answer 27

46

Question 28

How many pairs of chromosomes are in the human body

Answer 28

23

Question 29

What are the 3 stages of mitosis

Answer 29

1) duplication 2) mitosis 3) cleaving

Question 30

Which part of the cell are chromosomes found

Answer 30

Nucleus

Question 31

What are chromosomes

Answer 31

Coiled up lengths of DNA

Question 32

What do chromosomes carry

Answer 32

Genes

Question 33

What does GRRR stand for during the process o mitosis

Answer 33

Growth Repair Replace Reproduce

Question 34

Why do cells divide

Answer 34

So an organism can grow Allows organisms to repair To replace cells As a means of reproduction (asexual)

Question 35

What happens in stage one of mitosis (duplication)

Answer 35

Doubles - cell grows bigger, genetic material and organelles (ribosomes and mitochondria) are replicated

Question 36

What happens during stage 2 of Mitosis (Mitosis)

Answer 36

Middle - one set of chromosomes is pulled to each side of the nucleus and then the nucleus splits in 2

Question 37

What happens during stage 3 of Mitosis (cleaving)

Answer 37

Splitting - the cytoplasm and cell membrane divide to form 2 genetically identical cells

Question 38

What is DNA

Answer 38

Chemical polymer that carries genetic information

Question 39

What is a gene

Answer 39

A section of DNA that codes for a sequence of amino acids

Question 40

What may stem cells be able to do

Answer 40

Cure many diseases

Question 41

Where can stem cells be found

Answer 41

Bone marrow

Question 42

Why is bone marrow used for patients who have faulty blood cells

Answer 42

It can replace the faulty blood cells

Question 43

What is one risk of stem cells that have been grown in a lab

Answer 43

They could become contaminated with a virus which could be passed onto other patients, therefore making them sicker

Question 44

What do stem cells do

Answer 44

They can divide to produce lots more undifferentiated cells

Question 45

How to stem cells differentiate

Answer 45

They can differentiate into different types of cells

Question 46

In a plant where are stem cells found

Answer 46

In the meristems (where plant growth occurs)

Question 47

What is different about stem cells found in bone marrow compared to embryonic stem cells

Answer 47

Bone marrow stem cells can’t turn into any type of cell, only certain ones like blood cells

Question 48

What is the main function of the leaf

Answer 48

To make food

Question 49

A plant makes glucose in a process called

Answer 49

Photosynthesis

Question 50

What substance enters the leaf through the stomata

Answer 50

Carbon dioxide

Question 51

What is the equation for photosynthesis

Answer 51

Carbon dioxide + water (+ light energy) ➡️glucose + oxygen