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GCSE Biology > Diet And Health > Flashcards

Diet And Health Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 7 nutrients.

A 
Carbohydrates 
Protein 
Vitamins 
Minerals
Fats
Fibres 
Water
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2
Q

Give 2 examples of each group

A 
Carbohydrates : potatoes, pasta
Protein : meat, fish
Vitamins : green fruit and veg
Minerals : milk, red meat
Fats: avocado, pizza 
Fibres : brown pasta, brown bread
Water : water, cucumber
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3
Q 
What do the following words mean: 
Malnutrition 
Obesity
Starvation 
Anorexia
A

Malnutrition is when you don’t get enough of each food group
Obesity is when you have a high amount of fat and weigh too much for your height
Starvation is when you don’t have enough food to survive
Anorexia is a mental illness which causes people to stop eating

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4
Q

What are the effects of exercise?

A

Breathing rate increases
Depths of breaths increase
Heart rate increases

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5
Q

Why do these effects happen?

A

To increase oxygen levels in the blood and the blood flow is faster. This will increase respiration as more energy will be used during respiration

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6
Q

What is gas exchange and where does it take place in humans?

A

Gas exchange in humans takes place in the alveoli of the lungs. This is one job of the lungs to put oxygen into the blood and remover carbon dioxide.

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7
Q

What is respiration?

A

Respiration is the process of making energy form glucose and oxygen
A chemical reaction that releases energy

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8
Q

Where does respiration happen?

A

It takes place in the mitochondria of the cells

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9
Q

What is the equation for aerobic respiration?

A

Glucose+oxygen➡️carbon dioxide +water+energy

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10
Q

What is the equation for anaerobic respiration?

A

Glucose➡️lactic acid+energy

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11
Q

Breathing involves drawing air in and out. What body parts are needed for this?

A

The ribs, lungs and diaphragm are needed for this

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12
Q

Breathing is also known as inhalation. When you breath in, what air goes into your Lungs?

A

Oxygen

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13
Q

Breathing out is also known as exhalation. When you exhale you breathe out the contents of you lungs. What do you get rid of?

A

The waste gas carbon dioxide

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14
Q 
What are the jobs of the: 
Trachea
Rib muscles
Ribs
Alveoli
Diaphragm
A

Trachea has stiff rings of cartilage to prevent it from collapsing
Rib muscles are to raise and lower the ribs
Ribs are to protect the chest
Alveoli is where gas exchange takes place
Diaphragm is a muscular sheet

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15
Q 
What happens to the structure of the following when you inhale: 
Lungs
Rib cage
Rib muscles
Gas exchange
A

Lungs expand
Ribs rise (up and out)
Rib muscles expand
Oxygen

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16
Q 
What happens to the following when you exhale: 
Lungs 
Ribs
Rib muscle 
Gas exchange
A

Lungs decrease in size
Ribs drop(down and in)
Rib muscles relax
Carbon dioxide

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17
Q

What is aerobic respiration?

A

When the body is able to supply the cells with oxygen and glucose

18
Q

When do we use anaerobic respiration?

A

When the body cannot supply the cells with the oxygen needed to break down glucose. This is when energy is released without oxygen

19
Q

What are the three main substances in cigarettes?

A

Tar
Nicotine
Carbon monoxide

20
Q

What is tar, and what does it do?

A

Tar is a substance that contains carcinogens it causes cancer, less oxygen and it costs the lining of the alveoli

21
Q

What is nicotine and what does it do?

A

Nicotine is an addictive drug. It can lead to heart disease, raises heart beat, narrows arteries and causes high blood pressure

22
Q

What is carbon monoxide and what does it do?

A

Carbon monoxide is a poisonous gas. It effects red blood cells and transports less oxygen

23
Q

What supports your body?

A

The skeleton

24
Q

What do bones contain?

A

They are alive and contain blood vessels

25
Q

What do joints allow you to do?

A

Move and bend

26
Q

What keeps your bones and teeth strong?

A

Calcium

27
Q

Bones meet bones and a joint and are held together by what?

A

Ligaments

28
Q

What is a sprain?

A

Damaged your ligament

29
Q

Give 2 examples of hinge joints

A

Elbow joint and knee joint

30
Q

What connects bones to muscle?

A

Tendons

31
Q

What happens when muscles contract?

A

They pull on a tendon which links to another bone allowing you to move

32
Q

Muscles contract and relax to make parts of the body move. What happens when they contract?

A

They get shorter

33
Q

What are the four factors of sport?

A

Speed- how fats you can go
Strength - how strong you are
Stamina - the ability to maintain physical exercise
Suppleness - flexibility

34
Q

What are the roles of the food groups?

A

Carbohydrates - most important source of energy, needed for respiration
Proteins- for growth and repair
Vitamins - for a healthy immune system
Minerals - give iron to red blood cells and calcium for strong bones and teeth
Fats- for insulation
Fibres- helps fill you up and keeps things moving in the digestive system
Water- to keep you hydrated

35
Q

What is respiration used for?

A

Movement
Growth and repair
Building new molecules
Maintaining body temperature

36
Q

What does the Celia do?

A

Helps trap mucus and microorganisms

37
Q

What is the scientific name for the biceps and triceps?

A

Antagonistic muscles

38
Q

What causes your heart rate to increase during exercise?

A

muscles need extra oxygen.This need means that your heart starts pumping faster, which makes for a quicker pulse.

39
Q

What causes your heart rate to increase during exercise?

A

muscles need extra oxygen.This need means that your heart starts pumping faster, which makes for a quicker pulse.

more blood gets out to your body.

40
Q

What is an independent variable?

A

The thing you change

41
Q

What is a dependant variable?

A

The thing you measure

42
Q

What causes your heart to pump?

A

Your heart is controlled by a natural pacemaker, located in the right atrium. It produces electrical impulses that start each heart beat.

GCSE Biology (11 decks)

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