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VN02 > Cells and Cell Division > Flashcards

Cells and Cell Division Flashcards

1
Q

How do cells form body systems?

A

Cells -> tissues -> organs -> body systems

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2
Q

How small are cells?

A

10-20 micrometers but some can be up to 100

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3
Q

Name components of an animal cell

A

Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
Mitochondrion
Nucleus
DNA
Endoplasmic reticulum
Lysosome
Ribosome
Golgi apparatus

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4
Q

Which structures of an animal cell can be seen under a light microscope?

A

Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Lysosomes
Nucleus
Nucleolus

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5
Q

What is the cell membrane formed from?

A

A phospholipid bilayer with proteins embedded in

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6
Q

What do proteins in the cell membrane do?

A

Act as receptors (for hormones, drugs, etc) and as gateways into the cell.

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7
Q

What does cytoplasm contain?

A

Water, salts, nutrients, and organelles.

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8
Q

What does cytoplasm contain?

A

Water, salts, nutrients, and organelles.

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9
Q

Define organelles

A

Membrane bound structures found within the cell

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10
Q

Describe the function of the nucleus

A

Control centre of the cell. Contains genetic material (DNA) packaged into chromosomes.

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11
Q

What does DNA stand for?

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

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12
Q

Describe the function of the nucleolus

A

Active area of the nucleus containing enzymes and RNA

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13
Q

What does RNA stand for?

A

Ribonucleic acid

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14
Q

Describe the function of lysosomes

A

Contains digestive enzymes. Can be used to digest bacteria and debris within or outside of the cell.

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15
Q

Describe the function of mitochondria

A

Energy production

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16
Q

Describe the function of the centrosome

A

Made up of centrioles, this is involved in cell division

17
Q

Describe the function of ribosomes

A

Attached to endoplasmic reticulum - protein synthesis

18
Q

Describe the function of the Golgi apparatus

A

Secretes proteins out of the cell

19
Q

What are inclusions within the cell?

A

An accumulation of cell products within the cell.

20
Q

Why are inclusions not classed as organelles in a cell?

A

They have no membrane

21
Q

What is the function of cilia in a cell?

A

Small hairs on the surface of the cell that move fluids and mucous.

22
Q

Where are cells with cilia found?

A

Respiratory tract

23
Q

What are microvilli and what is its function on a cell?

A

Small projections of the cell membrane that increase surface area

24
Q

Where are cells with microvilli found?

A

Small intestine

25
Q

What are the two types of cell division?

A

Mitosis and meiosis

26
Q

How do most cells divide?

A

Mitosis

27
Q

What does mitosis result in?

A

Two cells identical to the parent cell, identical to each other, and with the same number of chromosomes.

28
Q

Which cells divide by meiosis?

A

Sex cells (sperm and ova)

29
Q

What does meiosis result in?

A

Four cells different to parent cell, different to each other, and with half the number of chromosomes.

VN02 (17 decks)

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