Cells and Cell Processes Unit 1-3

Question 1

Biological Classification System

Answer 1

Classify organism according to how closely related they think they are

Question 2

7 Life Processes (MRS GREN)

Answer 2

Movement
Respiration
Sensitivity
Growth
Reproduction
Excretion
Nutrition

Question 3

Characteristic of movement

Answer 3

Action by an organism/part of an organism causing a change of place or position

Question 4

Characteristic of Respiration

Answer 4

Chemical reactions that break down organic molecules in living cells to release energy for metabolism

Question 5

Difference between Aerobic and Anaerobic respiration

Answer 5

Anaerobic doesn’t require oxygen
Aerobic requires oxygen

Question 6

Characteristic of Sensitivity

Answer 6

The ability to detect or sense stimuli(stimulations) in the internal or external environment and to make appropriate response

Question 7

Characteristic of Growth

Answer 7

A permanent increase in mass and height by an increase in cell number or cell size or both

Question 8

Characteristic of Reproduction

Answer 8

The processes that make more of the same kind of organism - increase population ( prevent extinction)

Question 9

Define species

Answer 9

A group of organisms that are able to interbreed + produce offspring

Question 10

Difference between plant and animal cells

Answer 10

Plant Cells have Vacuole, Green Chloroplasts, and Cell Wall

Question 11

Similarity of plant and animal cells

Answer 11

Both have nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane and mitochondria

Question 12

Function of Nucleus

Answer 12

Contains genetic material which controls the activities of the cell

Question 13

Function of Cytoplasm

Answer 13

Most chemical processes take place here - controlled by enzymes
Site for all chemical reaction

Question 14

Function of Cell Membrane

Answer 14

Controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell

Question 15

Function of Mitochondria

Answer 15

Site of respiration to release energy

Question 16

Function of Ribosomes

Answer 16

Site of Protein synthesis

Question 17

Function of Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 17

Site of protein synthesis

Question 18

Function of Cell Wall

Answer 18

Provides support and mechanical strength - withstand water pressure, prevent bursting of cells

Question 19

Function of chloroplasts

Answer 19

Site of photosynthesis
Contains chlorophyll and stores starch

Question 20

Function of vacuole

Answer 20

Contains and stores water, mineral ions, glucose and waste products

Question 21

Prokaryote

Answer 21

One cell

Question 22

Eukaryote

Answer 22

Many cell

Question 23

Cells

Answer 23

Basic unit of life and can carry out life’s activity

Question 24

Tissue

Answer 24

A group of cells with similar structures, working together to perform a shared function

Question 25

Organ

Answer 25

Made up of a group of tissues, working together to perform a specific function

Question 26

Organ system

Answer 26

A group of organs with related functions, working together to perform body functions

Question 27

Diffusion ( Gas )

Answer 27

The movement of particles from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration, down a concentration gradient, as a result of random movement

Question 28

Factors affecting diffusion rate

Answer 28

Temperature - higher temp = diffuse faster Surface Area - larger surface = diffuse faster Concentration Gradient - higher gradient = diffuse faster Size of Particles - Smaller size = Diffuse faster

Question 29

Osmosis

Answer 29

Is the movement of water molecules from a region of dilute solution (high water potential) to a region of concentrated solution (low water potential), down a concentrated gradient, through a partially permeable membrane until an equilibrium is reached

Question 30

Lysis

Answer 30

bursting an animal cell by osmosis

Question 31

Crenation

Answer 31

shrinking an animal cell by osmosis

Question 32

Turgid

Answer 32

Plant cell fully inflated with water

Question 33

Flaccid

Answer 33

Plant cell that is limp through a reduction of pressure inside the cell

Question 34

Active Transport

Answer 34

The movement of molecules and ions in or out of a cell through the cell membrane against the concentration gradient, using energy from respiration low -> high

Question 35

Where does Diffusion occur

Answer 35

Cell membrane

Question 36

Diffusion helps organisms to..

Answer 36

- obtain their requirements - get rid of waste products - carry out gas exchange for respiration

Question 37

Shape of animal and plant cells

Answer 37

animal is irregular shape plant is regular shape

Question 38

Food storage in animal and plant cells

Answer 38

Animal Cells - carbohydrate is stored in the form of glycogen Plant Cells - carbohydrate is stored in the form of starch

Question 39

Types of passive transport

Answer 39

Diffusion & Osmosis

Question 40

Features shared between passive transports

Answer 40

- no energy needed - high concentration to low concentration - down the concentration gradient

Question 41

Features of active transport

Answer 41

- energy required - against the concentration gradient - low to high concentration

Question 42

Cell membrane is ..

Answer 42

semi-permeable

Question 43

Meaning of semi-permeable

Answer 43

Allows some molecules to cross easily, but others with difficulty or not at all

Question 44

Movement of nitrate ions

Answer 44

root hair cells in plant roots use active transport to absorb mineral ions (such as nitrates) from the soil (even though there are lower concentrations of minerals in the soil than there are within the root hair cell)

Question 45

How to find for magnification

Answer 45

image/actual

Question 46

Function of thin epithelium in villi

Answer 46

- one cell thick to increase diffusion rate - microvilli increases surface area for absorption

Question 47

Function of lacteal in villi

Answer 47

absorbs fatty acids and glycerol

Question 48

blood capillary

Answer 48

absorbs glucose and amino acids

Question 49

Active transport and Villi

Answer 49

Sometimes there are less nutrients in the gut than the in blood, so the villi cells of our gut use active transport to absorb these nutrients against their concentration gradient.