Enzymes and Biological Molecules Unit 4-5

Question 1

Nutrient definition

Answer 1

substance which is needed for growth , repair and respiration

Question 2

3 main nutrients

Answer 2

protein, lipids (Fat), carbohydrates

Question 3

3 main nutrients are examples of

Answer 3

organic chemicals

Question 4

Definition Organic chemicals

Answer 4

Nutrients all contain carbon atoms, covalently bonded to the atoms of other elements

Question 5

Elements Carbohydrates are bonded to..

Answer 5

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

Question 7

Elements Lipids are bonded to..

Answer 7

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

Question 8

Elements Proteins are bonded to..

Answer 8

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen

Question 9

3 main proteins are ..

Answer 9

Biological molecules

Question 10

Basic unit of Carbohydrates

Answer 10

Simple sugars; glucose, galactose and fructose (monosaccharides)

Question 11

Basic Unit of Lipids

Answer 11

Fatty acid and glycerol

Question 12

Basic Unit of Protein

Answer 12

Amino Acids

Question 13

Glucose + Glucose

Answer 13

Maltose

Question 14

Glucose + Fructose

Answer 14

Sucrose

Question 15

Glucose + Galactose

Answer 15

Lactose

Question 16

Disaccharide

Answer 16

2 sugars
Lactose, Sucrose, Maltose

Question 17

Polysaccharide

Answer 17

Many sugars
Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose

Question 18

Monosaccharide

Answer 18

One sugar
Glucose, Fructose, Galactose

Question 19

Function of Carbohydrate

Answer 19

• used in form of glucose by respiration
• source of energy

Question 20

Function of Lipids/Fats

Answer 20

• insulation
• source of energy
• protect internal organs

Question 21

Functions of protein

Answer 21

• making new cells, repair and growth
• needed to make enzymes
• needed to make antibodies

Question 22

What happens when protein is consumed

Answer 22

It is digested and broken down into amino acids
Amino acids are then absorbed in the small intestine, delivered to the cells throughout the body
They are reassembled to make protein as determined by DNA

Question 23

What happens when 2 amino acids join together

Answer 23

Become a dipeptide

Question 24

What happens when many amino acids join together

Answer 24

Form a polypeptide
Polypeptide chain folded to form a 3 dimensional shape protein

Question 25

Peptide

Answer 25

Chain of amino acids

Question 26

Functional Protein in body

Answer 26

Enzyme, Hormone, Antibodies, Hemoglobin

Question 27

Structural Protein in body

Answer 27

keratin, collagen

Question 28

Food test to find for carbohydrates

Answer 28

Benedicts test for reducing sugar (glucose, maltose)

Question 29

Food test for starch

Answer 29

Iodine Solution

Question 30

Food test for Protein

Answer 30

biuret test

Question 31

Food test for Fat

Answer 31

Ethanol emulsion test

Question 32

Result for Benedicts test (reducing sugar)

Answer 32

blue - no sugar green - low concentration of sugar yellow orange red - high concentration of sugar

Question 33

Result for Iodine solution ( Starch )

Answer 33

Positive - Blue-black Negative - Orange/Brown

Question 34

Result for Biuret test (Protein)

Answer 34

Positive - purple/lilac Negative - Remain blue

Question 35

Ethanol Emulsion test (Fat/Lipids)

Answer 35

positive - cloudy negative - clear

Question 36

Biological Catalysts

Answer 36

A substance that increase the rate of a chemical reaction and is not change by the reaction

Question 37

Enzyme

Answer 37

- are biological catalysts - made of protein - speeds up rate of chemical reaction and not changed/used up in the reaction - are specific - can be recycled - work best at a particular ph or temperature

Question 38

Reaction catalysed by amylase

Answer 38

Starch broken down into maltose

Question 39

Reaction catalysed by protease

Answer 39

proteins broken down into amino acids

Question 40

Reaction catalysed by lipase

Answer 40

lipids broken down into fatty acids and glycerol

Question 41

What are enzymes affected by

Answer 41

Temperature and pH

Question 42

Salivary glands

Answer 42

Site of production of amylase

Question 43

Mouth

Answer 43

Site of action of amylase

Question 44

Stomach

Answer 44

Site of production and action of proteases

Question 45

Pancreas

Answer 45

Site of production of amylase, proteases, and lipases

Question 46

Small intestine

Answer 46

Site of action of amylase, proteases, and lipases

Question 47

Substrate

Answer 47

chemical compound that are broken down by enzyme to form products

Question 48

Reaction catalysed by Amylase

Answer 48

Starch broken down into sugars

Question 49

Active site

Answer 49

Place on the enzyme where the substrate attaches and is a specific shape to the substrate

Question 50

Lock & Key Mechanism

Answer 50

Substrate will bind to the active site Enzyme Substrate complex Enzyme will break down larger molecule to smaller molecule - called product

Question 51

Enzyme Activity pH

Answer 51

Work best in neutral conditions ( some prefer acidic/alkaline conditions)

Question 52

What does change in pH cause

Answer 52

alters shape of active site, allows them to denature