Cells And Membranes

Question 1

What are the 4 main cell theory’s?

Answer 1

1. Every organism is composed of one or more cells.
2. The cell is the smallest unit having life.
3. Cells arise from pre-existing cells.
4. Cells contain genetic material that get passed on to their offspring.

Question 2

What are the common features of cells?

Answer 2

1. Plasma membrane (surrounds the cell)
2. Genetic material: DNA (nucleus or nucleoid)
3. Cytoplasm (material between PM + nucleus)

Question 3

What does a prokaryotic cell have?

Answer 3

1. Bacteria
2. Has a cell well
3. No nucleus or membrane bound organelles
4. DNA typically circular
   (1 chromosome + plasmids)

Question 4

What does a Eukaryotic cell have?

Answer 4

1. All organisms except bacteria (eukaryotes)
2. Some have cell walls
3. Nucleus and membrane bound organelles present
4. Linear DNA (multiple chromosomes)

Question 5

What is the function of a plasma membrane?

Answer 5

1. Barrier (semipermeable)
2. Transporting
3. Communicating

Question 6

What is the function of a membrane bound organelles?

Answer 6

To form internal compartments to localize or isolate cellular functions.

Question 7

What do the membrane organelles contain?

Answer 7

1. Nucleus that has the DNA

2. Nuclear envelope that has double membrane and pores.

Question 8

What is the Golgi apparatus?

Answer 8

Modification and packaging of proteins, lipids. Etc.

Question 9

What is the central dogma? (Process)

Answer 9

DNA>transcription RNA>translation> Protein

Question 10

What is the function of the central vacuole?

Answer 10

1. It’s the storage compartment. Holds starch, amino acids and waste.

Question 11

What translates MRNA into protein?

Answer 11

1. Ribosomes

Question 12

Define flagella.

Answer 12

1. Long

2. Provide movement of the cell

Question 13

Define cilia

Answer 13

1. Short

2. Substances all over the surface of a cell

Question 14

Diffusion uses what process?

Answer 14

1. High (solute) > low (solute)

Question 15

What is osmosis?

Answer 15

Movement of water across a semipermeable membrane. Low(solute)> high(solute).

Question 16

Diffusion uses what process?

Answer 16

High (solute) > low (solute)

Question 17

Osmosis uses what process?

Answer 17

Low(solute)>high(solute).

Question 18

Passive transport needs what to happen?

Answer 18

1. Requires channels or carriers in membrane.
2. Doesn’t need energy.
3. Can be gated.
4. Follows a concentration gradient.

Question 19

Active transport requires what?

Answer 19

1. Energy input to activate.

Question 20

Bulk transport needs what?

Answer 20

Vesicular transport

-materials transported within a membrane bound vesicle.

Question 21

Solute means?

Answer 21

Dissolve.