Cells and Organelles Flashcards
(36 cards)
What is the size range of prokaryotic cells?
1 – 10µm
What is the size range of eukaryotic cells?
10 - 100µm
What is the human body made up of?
Multiple cells and product of cells
What are cells described as?
Cells are microscopic packages that act as independent units
Where do cells originate from?
From pre existing cells - they grow and reproduce
Do cells have a lifespan?
Cells have a finite lifespan - they die
What allows cells to change?
Cells internal processes allow them to change, adapt, or respond.
What is the function of the plasma membrane?
The plasma membrane is a protective sheath that encloses the cell as an independent reaction container
What does the plasma membrane separate?
The plasma membrane separates the intracellular fluid from the extracellular fluid
What is the permeability of the plasma membrane?
The plasma membrane is a semipermeable membrane
What is the plasma membrane composed of?
The plasma membrane is composed of a bilayer of li[id molecules associated with protein molecules
What model describes membrane structure?
Fluid mosaic model
How is membrane protein mobility described?
The mobility of plasma membrane is restrictive and not uniform
What defines the function of the membrane?
The function is carried out by embedded membrane proteins
What role does cholesterol play in the membrane?
Embedded cholesterol within the lipid bilayer with a polar hydroxyl group provides the membrane with fluidity/rigidity
What are the two main classes of membrane proteins?
Integral membrane proteins and peripheral membrane proteins
What do channel proteins do?
Channel proteins allow the passage of materials in and out of the cell via a channel
What do carrier proteins do?
Carrier proteins specifically bind and shuttle small molecules such Asas glucose through the membrane lipid bilayer
How do carrier proteins transport against gradients?
Carrier proteins can transport molecules against concentration gradients - powered through the hydrolysis of ATP
What is active transport?
Active transport is when carrier proteins transport molecules against gradients using ATP hydrolysis
What do receptor proteins do?
Certain proteins on the surface function as receptor for the attachment of specific molecules
What is an example of receptor function?
Receptors are key in diseases e.g., antibodies and antigens.
What is the function of membrane enzyme proteins?
Some membrane proteins are enzymes that drives biochemical reactions at the cell surface level
What us the function of membrane enzymes proteins?
Some membrane p-roteins are enzymes that drives biochemical reactions at the cell surface level
