cells and organelles Flashcards
(20 cards)
what constitutes a cell
Cell membrane organelles nucleus - euchromatin and heterochromatin ER RER Golgi ribosomes mt cytoskeleton - microtubules, intermediate fibres, actin filaments centriole endopinosomes and endopinocytic vesicles lysosomes and phagocytosomes secretory granules desmosomes glycogen granules fat droplets cell membrane with glycocalyx intracellular space fenestrae tight junction adherens junction Fascia adherens with actin filaments punctum adherens macular adhernes - desmosome hemidesmosome gap junction microvilli with glycocalyx cilia basal bodies of microcilia sterocilia basal lamina peroxisome cytoplasm
Types of molecules in cells
Phospholipids
proteins
water
genetic information
scales of cells
volume of cell - nanolitres weight - density 1.06 lipid 3nm protein 5-10 nm bacteria and mt 1um (1000nm) animal and plant cell 10um - 100um human egg 500um
predominant molecules in cytosol
Ions - K+, Na+, Ca2+, PO4 3-, Cl- sugars Nucleotides - ATP, cAMP, GTP AA mRNA tRNA lipids - cholesterol peptides
predominant molecules in ECM
basement membrane selective barrier for macromolecules type IV collagen laminins Type XV collagen
predominant molecules in ECF
ions - Na+, Ca2+, PO4 3-, Cl-, Mg2+, CO3 2- soluble proteins soluble carbs and sugars vitamins AA hormones nucleotides ATP lipids - cholesterol
examples of body fluids
Lymph, plasma, saliva, urine, sweat, bile, milk
features of prokaryotic cells
Unicellular
Kingdoms: Monera and archaea
may have photosynthetic pigments - cyanobacteria
may have flagella - movement, pili - adhesion
multiple shapes - cocci (round) bacilli (rod) spirillae or spirochetes (helical)
different ribosomes
no membrane bound organelles
DNA not in a nucleus
Features of eukaryotic cells
mainly multicellular - except protozoa
nucleus
membrane bound organelles
DNA in chromosomes
evolved from aggregates of prokaryotes - became interdependent - mt endosymbiosis - step change in evolution
higher degree of organisation - organelles separated from cytoplasm
describe the nucleus
Contains the genetic information control centre largest organelle nuclear pores - opening embedded with proteins - protein enter and rna leave nuclear envelope - control what enters nucleolus
describe the nucleolus
site of ribosome synthesis
contain ribosomal proteins and DNA
Describe the nuclear envelope
double membrane
controls what enters and leaves
nuclear pores
Describe the mitochondria
powerhouse of cell aerobic respiration - food to ATP double membrane cristae endosymbiosis
describe the RER
continuous from nucleus ribosomes attached synthesise proteins that will stay in cell folded membrane network package proteins for golgi
describe the SER
folded membrane network
synthesis lipids and carbohydrates
describe the Golgi
Folded membrane network - cisternae
process proteins
cis - trans face
package proteins into secretory vesicles
describe secretory granules
contains substance
moves to edge of cell and secretes substance outside of cell by exocytosis
describe the plasma membrane
Phospholipid bilayer proteins embedded controls what enters and leaves cell facilitative diffusion active transport
describe the cytoskeleton components
Actin filament - twisted protein fibres - movement
intermediate filament - intertwined protein fibres - strength
microtubule - tube protein molecules - hollow - cytoplasm, centrioles, cilia, flagella
structures co-exist
What is a generic function of the ER
break down drugs and other substances
