cells and organelles revised

Question 1

What is a cell? Organelles?

include examples and details

Answer 1

• Cells are the smallest unit of life.
• The structure of the cell impacts the function.
• Cells are made up of organelles, which are non-living small cell structures that perform specific jobs and work together to help the cell function.
• An example of this is the mitochondria, which creates energy with cell respiration.

Question 2

name the levels of organization from small to big

Answer 2

• organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system
• or molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, system, multicellular organism

Question 3

Prokaryote vs Eukaryote: How do they differ?

Answer 3

Pro:
- no nucleus
- bacteria
- has free floating dna in the cytoplasm

Eur:
- everything but bacteria
- includes animals, plants, produce, fungus, etc
- dna is the nucleus

Question 4

nucleus/nucleolus

what is their connection?

Answer 4

• Nucleus: controls cell activities such as growth and reproduction. stores dna info
• Nucleolus: found in the nucleus, produces ribosomes

Question 5

ribosomes

Answer 5

site of protein synthesis and the creation of protein

Question 6

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 6

Transfers proteins from the nucleus to the golgi apparatus: has ribosomes on it giving it a “rough” look

Question 7

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

has something to do with the golgi apparatus

Answer 7

Smooth membranes that transfer lipid and carbohydrates to the golgi apparatus. no ribosomes

Question 8

Golgi apparatus/golgi body

Answer 8

receives materials from the nucleus to the Golgi apparatus; has ribosomes on it giving it a “rough” look

Question 9

vacuoles

Answer 9

• plants: 1 large central vacuole
• animals: many small vacuoles
• vacuoles store water, enzymes, nutrients

Question 10

Cell membrane

what does it do and what is it made up of

Answer 10

surrounds all cells; semi-permeable– lets some things in and some things out of the cell; helps maintain homeostasis. made of 2 layers of phospholipids

Question 11

Chloroplasts

Answer 11

site of photosynthesis: a process that converts light energy to sugars for the plant to use as food. they are green because of chlorophyill

Question 12

Mitochondria

Answer 12

Site of energy production (cell respiration: converting food to a usable form of energy as ATP)

Question 13

Lysosomes

Answer 13

Breaks down (using digestive enzymes) materials in the cell (waste, macromolecules, old organelles)

Question 14

cell wall

Answer 14

• surrounds the cell membrane: supports and protects plants.
• It is rough and rigid
• Made of cellulose in plant cells
• Made of chitin in fungi
• not found in animal cells

Question 15

Cytoplasm

Answer 15

jelly like substance that holds all the organelles in place. composed mainly of water and nutrients

Question 16

Examples of specialized cells

actual examples!!!

Answer 16

Neuron/nerve cell, red blood cell, white blood cell, cilia, muscle cell, skin cell, sperm cell

Question 17

Specialized cells/differentiated cells: What organelles may be found in abundance in each of these cells and why?

Answer 17

• in specialized animal cells, there are a lot of muscle cells (needed for the skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle tissues)
• red blood cells, (human body needs them because it transports oxygen) and cheek cells (replaced a lot due to the wear and tear from food)
• in specialized plant cells, there are guard cells (they manage plant health), xylem cells (makes sure the plant gets water)

Question 18

Stem cells/undifferentiated/unspecialized cells: how they are unique and how do stem cells become specialized cells?

Answer 18

• Stem cells are not specialized for any specific function.
• This allows them to potentially become a variety of cell types.
• Stem cells respond to various signals, such as hormones or growth factors, that trigger differentiation. These signals shape what the cell becomes.

Question 19

Parts of an animal cell cheek?

remeber cell cheek = CCN

Answer 19

cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus

Question 20

Parts of the onion and elodea

remember what te onioon doesrnt have

Answer 20

cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, chloroplasts in elodea, nucleus in onion

Question 21

Parts of the euglena (include what it is)

Answer 21

little, green critters. cell membrane. cytoplasm, chloroplasts, flagella

Question 22

Parts of the paramecium (include what it is)

what are they and use the anagram CCCC

Answer 22

larger swimming critters. cell membrane, cytoplasm, contractile and food vacuoles, cilia

Question 23

Parts of the amoeba (include what it is)

include what it is, what it does, and the parts

Answer 23

single-celled organism that belongs to the group of protists. changes shape like a WBC. cell membrane, cytoplasm, food vacuoles, nucleus

Question 24

The long projection of a nerve cell allows the cell to perform what job?

use contexxt clues and common sense to determine the answers

Answer 24

receive and send messages to other cells

Question 25

Which specialized cell structure directly helps paramecium cells move?

Answer 25

cilia

Question 26

Which type of specialized cell would have many ribosomes and mitochondria, often multinucleated?

Answer 26

muscle cells

Question 27

Small intestine cells have many projections that help with their job/function. what is the purpose of the projections?

Answer 27

It increases surface area for the absorption of nutrients

Question 28

True or False: ALL CELLS (Prokaryotes AND Eukaryotes) have a nucleus

Answer 28

false

Question 29

Would a Skin Stem Cell be pluripotent or multipotent?

Answer 29

Multipotent

Question 30

Functions in Common to all Cells

Answer 30

- Protein Synthesis - Maintaining homeostasis - Energy use/production

Question 31

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Answer 31

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