cells and organisation- topic 2 Flashcards
(23 cards)
What is the function of the cytoplasm?
It’s where most chemical reactions happen.
What is the function of the nucleus?
It contains genetic material that controls the cell’s activities.
What does the cell membrane do?
It controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
What is the role of mitochondria?
They release energy in respiration.
What is the function of ribosomes?
They are where protein synthesis occurs.
What do chloroplasts do in plant cells?.
Absorb light energy for photosynthesis.
What does the cell wall do?
Strengthens and supports the cell.
What is the permanent vacuole for?
It stores cell sap and keeps the cell turgid
What is photosynthesis?
The process by which plants make carbohydrates using light energy.
What is the order of biological organisation in multicellular organisms?
Cells → Tissues → Organs → Organ Systems → Organism
What is an organelle?
A structure within a cell.
What is a tissue?
A group of similar cells working together to perform a function.
What is an organ?
A group of tissues working together to perform a function.
What is an organ system?
A group of organs with related functions.
What is an organism?
A living thing
What is a stem cell?
An undifferentiated cell that can become specialised.
What is differentiation?
When cells become specialised for a function.
What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Eukaryotic cells (plants/animals) have a nucleus and organelles; prokaryotic cells (bacteria) don’t.
What makes sperm cells adapted for their function
Tail for movement, many mitochondria for energy, enzymes to enter the egg.
How are nerve cells specialised?
Long and thin with branches to carry messages and connect to other cells.
What is special about red blood cells?
Biconcave shape, no nucleus, contain haemoglobin to carry oxygen.
What makes palisade cells efficient at photosynthesis?
Long shape and many chloroplasts, found in upper leaf layers.
How are root hair cells adapted?
Long extensions increase surface area to absorb water.
